The nine-banded armadillo, commonly associated with the southern United States, is increasingly appearing in new regions, including Ohio. As these armored mammals expand their range, their presence raises questions for local ecosystems and residents. This article explores the current understanding of armadillos in Ohio, their northward journey, and the implications of their arrival.
The Short Answer: Are They Here?
Nine-banded armadillos have been sighted in Ohio. While historically absent, reports of their presence are increasing, indicating a northward range expansion. Sightings include live animals and roadkill, suggesting armadillos are successfully establishing themselves in new territories. Official reports from the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) confirm armadillo occurrences, with some found near interstates, potentially indicating travel routes.
Armadillo Expansion and Ohio’s Role
The nine-banded armadillo’s northward journey across the United States is a significant event. Originating from Central and South America, this species began expanding its range into the southern U.S. around the mid-19th century. This rapid spread, sometimes ten times faster than typical mammal expansion rates, has brought them into states like Illinois, Indiana, and more recently, Ohio.
Several factors contribute to this expansion. Armadillos have a low metabolic rate and minimal body fat, making them susceptible to cold temperatures. Milder winters, possibly linked to climate shifts, allow them to survive and establish populations further north. Human activities also play a role; roadways and railroads may facilitate their movement, and modified landscapes can offer suitable habitats. Armadillos prefer loose, porous soil for digging their extensive burrows. They are also capable swimmers, able to hold their breath for several minutes, which aids in crossing water bodies like rivers.
What Their Presence Means for Ohioans
The arrival of armadillos in Ohio brings practical implications for residents. These animals are primarily nocturnal, foraging for insects by digging shallow holes in lawns, gardens, and flowerbeds. These holes can be a nuisance for property owners. Armadillos also construct larger burrows for shelter, which, if located near structures, can potentially damage foundations, sidewalks, or driveways.
If an armadillo is encountered, maintain a safe distance. While generally shy, they can jump several feet in the air when startled and may scratch if threatened. Armadillos are known to carry the bacteria that causes Hansen’s disease (leprosy), though the risk of transmission to humans is considered very low, especially with casual contact. To deter armadillos, reducing insect populations in yards and securing areas with buried fencing can be helpful. For persistent issues, contacting a licensed wildlife control professional is recommended.