All snakes possess the physical capability to bite, utilizing this action as a natural defense mechanism. This article clarifies the perception of “non-biting” snakes, explores their defensive behaviors, and outlines safe practices for human encounters.
Why Snakes Bite
Snakes primarily bite as a defensive behavior, not as an aggressive act towards humans. They prefer to avoid human contact and often retreat when disturbed. A snake may bite when it feels threatened, cornered, or startled. This action is usually a last resort when other deterrents have failed. Even bites from non-venomous species are still considered bites. The primary motivation for a bite directed at a human is almost always self-preservation.
Understanding “Non-Biting” Snakes
No snake species is truly “bite-free,” as all possess the ability to bite if provoked or threatened. However, some species are considerably less likely to bite humans, or their bites are not medically significant. Snakes such as garter snakes, corn snakes, and king snakes are often perceived as harmless or “non-biting” due to their generally docile nature or the mild impact of their bites. These snakes still have teeth and are capable of biting, but their primary defense mechanisms may differ, or their bites are typically non-venomous.
Even a bite from a non-venomous snake can break the skin, leading to discomfort or infection. Some venomous snakes can deliver a “dry bite,” striking without injecting venom to conserve their valuable resource. Venom production requires significant metabolic energy.
Beyond the Bite: Other Defenses
Snakes employ a range of alternative defense mechanisms before resorting to biting, which often contributes to the perception that some “do not bite.” Their initial response to a perceived threat is usually to flee or hide, seeking cover under rocks or in dense vegetation. If escape is not possible, they may engage in bluffing behaviors.
Bluffing can include hissing loudly, striking with a closed mouth, or coiling their body to appear larger. Some species, like certain non-rattlesnakes, may vibrate their tails against dry leaves to mimic the sound of a rattlesnake as a warning. Another defense is musking, where a snake releases foul-smelling secretions to deter a predator. Certain snakes, such as hognose snakes, may even play dead (thanatosis) by rolling onto their backs and remaining motionless to discourage attackers.
Safe Practices Around Snakes
Encountering a snake requires a calm and respectful approach to ensure safety for both humans and wildlife. The most effective practice is to observe snakes from a safe distance, allowing them ample space to move away naturally. It is important to avoid handling or provoking any snake, as most bites occur when people attempt to interact with them. If a snake is in a position where it feels threatened, it is more likely to bite.
Should a snake bite occur, it is important to seek medical attention for any snake bite, regardless of whether it is presumed venomous or not. Clean the bite area gently with soap and water. Avoid actions such as applying a tourniquet, cutting the wound, or attempting to suck out venom, as these can cause more harm. Knowing the general types of snakes common to your local area can be helpful for general awareness, though direct identification of a specific snake after a bite should be left to professionals.