The concept of a “Blue Zone” refers to a geographic area where people demonstrate exceptional longevity, often reaching age 100 at a rate significantly higher than the global average. The term originated when demographers Gianni Pes and Michel Poulain used a blue pen to circle areas of high centenarian concentration on a map of Sardinia, Italy. Journalist and National Geographic Fellow Dan Buettner later identified a handful of these longevity hotspots across the world. The research focuses on identifying the specific environmental and lifestyle factors responsible for this sustained increase in lifespan and healthspan.
The American Longevity Hotspot
One community in the United States meets the rigorous demographic criteria to be recognized as a Blue Zone: Loma Linda, California. This area was identified by Dan Buettner and confirmed through extensive research, including studies funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA). The extraordinary longevity observed here is concentrated within the large community of Seventh-day Adventists residing in and around Loma Linda.
Research from the Adventist Health Studies shows that Adventists in this region live significantly longer than the average American. Men add approximately seven years and women add about four and a half years to their life expectancy. This population also experiences lower rates of chronic diseases common in the Western world, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.
Lifestyle Pillars of the US Blue Zone
The longevity of the Loma Linda community is attributable to the health-focused tenets of the Seventh-day Adventist faith. Their dietary practice is overwhelmingly plant-based, centering meals around whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts. Meat is eaten sparingly, if at all, and nutrient-dense foods like beans are a cornerstone of their diet.
The consumption of nuts, such as almonds or walnuts, at least five times a week is linked to a reduction in the risk of heart disease and a longer lifespan. A strict avoidance of tobacco and alcohol, part of their faith tradition, removes two significant risk factors for premature death. Hydration is also emphasized, with a focus on drinking five or more glasses of water daily.
Beyond diet, the community structure provides a robust social network and a pervasive sense of purpose, both correlated with longevity. The weekly observance of the Sabbath functions as a built-in stress-reduction mechanism. This 24-hour period of rest and reflection encourages time spent on faith, family, and community. This ritual fosters strong intergenerational bonds that support emotional and physical well-being.
Physical activity in Loma Linda is characterized by natural, moderate movement rather than intense, structured exercise. Residents incorporate movement seamlessly into their daily routines through activities like walking, gardening, and using stairs. This consistent, low-intensity movement is effective for long-term health and disease prevention.
Applying Blue Zone Principles Elsewhere
The lessons from Loma Linda and other global longevity regions can be adapted to communities across the United States. The approach involves transforming the built environment to make the healthy choice the easiest choice, rather than focusing on individual willpower. This is accomplished by improving infrastructure to encourage natural movement, such as creating walkable neighborhoods, safe cycling paths, and accessible public parks.
Communities can foster stronger social connections by supporting faith-based organizations and creating non-religious social groups that reinforce healthy behaviors. Having a “tribe” of like-minded individuals provides mutual support and accountability, making it easier to maintain positive habits. Promoting a sense of purpose, which researchers call ikigai, can be encouraged through volunteerism and activities that give elders meaningful roles.
On a personal level, individuals can adopt the dietary philosophy by shifting their plate composition to a “plant slant,” making beans, whole grains, and vegetables the main focus of every meal. This sustainable change is more impactful than restrictive dieting and can be combined with mindful eating practices. One example is the 80 percent rule, which suggests stopping a meal when feeling mostly full. By integrating these community and personal shifts, the principles of American longevity can be replicated far beyond Southern California.