Some ants do fly. These winged individuals are a natural part of an ant colony’s life cycle, serving a distinct purpose for the species’ continuation. Not all ants possess wings; rather, only specific members develop this ability for reproduction.
Understanding Flying Ants
Flying ants are not a separate species. They are the reproductive members of an existing ant colony, specifically virgin queens and males, often called “alates” or “swarmers.” These individuals are produced by mature colonies when conditions are suitable for expansion, and their development is a preparatory stage for their eventual emergence. Unlike wingless worker ants, alates are sexually mature and possess wings for flight.
The Purpose of Ant Flight
The primary reason these ants develop wings and fly is for reproduction and the establishment of new colonies. This event is known as a “nuptial flight” or mating swarm. During this flight, male and virgin queen alates leave their nests and mate in the air. After mating, the fertilized queen sheds her wings and seeks a suitable location to dig a new nest and lay her first eggs. Male ants typically die shortly after mating. This dispersal mechanism helps maintain genetic diversity by allowing mating between individuals from different colonies.
Ants vs. Termites Identification
Distinguishing between flying ants and flying termites is important for homeowners, as they are often confused. Several key physical characteristics help differentiate them. Flying ants possess elbowed, or bent, antennae, while termites have straight antennae. Ants have a distinctly pinched or narrow waist, creating three visible body segments. Termites, in contrast, have a broad waist, giving their body a more uniform, rectangular appearance.
Furthermore, their wings provide another clear distinction. Flying ants have two pairs of wings where the front wings are noticeably longer than the hind wings. Flying termites have two pairs of wings that are equal in length and often appear translucent, extending well past their body.
Seasonal Appearance of Flying Ants
The appearance of flying ants is seasonal. They typically emerge during warmer, humid months, often after rainfall. This phenomenon, sometimes known as “flying ant day,” is not limited to a single day but can occur over several weeks, with peaks in activity. The exact timing can vary based on the ant species and geographical location. Optimal conditions for their nuptial flight include warm temperatures and low wind.
What to Do About Flying Ants
Flying ants are generally not considered a threat to humans, as their main focus is reproduction, not biting or stinging, though some species can bite if provoked. If flying ants enter your home, they are often just stray individuals attracted to light or moisture. A simple way to remove them indoors is by vacuuming them up. Sealing cracks and crevices around windows and doors can help prevent them from entering your home. Their presence indoors usually indicates a nearby colony, but these winged ants are typically short-lived once they have completed their flight.