The American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is a large reptile inhabiting freshwater and brackish environments. They are found across the southeastern United States, with their natural range extending from Texas eastward to Florida and northward along the Atlantic coast. This broad distribution often leads to questions about their presence in states like North Carolina.
Are Alligators in North Carolina
Alligators are present in North Carolina, marking the northernmost extent of their natural range. They primarily inhabit the state’s coastal plain and eastern inland regions. The largest populations are found in the southeastern counties, including Brunswick, New Hanover, Craven, Onslow, and Pender.
American alligators in North Carolina are classified as state threatened and federally threatened. It is unlawful to intentionally feed, harm, harass, or poach these animals. These protections have allowed alligator populations to recover after historical declines.
Where Alligators Thrive in North Carolina
Alligators in North Carolina thrive in various aquatic habitats, including swamps, marshes, rivers, canals, tidal basins, ponds, and lakes. While they primarily prefer freshwater, they can tolerate brackish water and are occasionally observed on beaches for short periods. Notable river systems where they are found include the Cape Fear River, Neuse River, and the Alligator River, particularly in their lower reaches. The Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge also provides a protected environment for them.
These environments offer a warm climate, ample water, and diverse food sources. Alligators are opportunistic predators, feeding on fish, snakes, frogs, turtles, birds, and small mammals. North Carolina’s cooler winters cause slower growth rates for alligators compared to those further south, impacting their reproductive cycles.
Living Safely Alongside Alligators
Coexisting with alligators requires awareness and responsible behavior. It is unlawful and unsafe to feed alligators, as this causes them to lose their natural fear of people and associate humans with food. This includes refraining from throwing food scraps or feeding other animals in waters where alligators might be present.
Keeping pets on a leash in areas where alligators are known to reside is important, and pets should not be allowed to swim, drink, or exercise near these waters, as their size can make them attractive prey. Maintaining a safe distance of 50 to 60 feet from any alligator is advised, and one should never approach them, regardless of their size. Alligators are most active between dusk and dawn, so increased caution is advised during these times.
If an alligator is encountered in an unusual location, such as a residential area or blocking a road, contact the North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission. Although alligator attacks are rare, caution is always necessary in their habitats. If an alligator charges, running in a straight line away from it is the recommended course of action.