The terms TED hose and compression socks are often used interchangeably, but they refer to two distinct types of medical garments that serve different purposes in circulation management. Both are designed to apply external pressure to the lower extremities to encourage blood flow back toward the heart, preventing blood from pooling in the legs. While they share this common mechanism, their specific design, pressure levels, and intended use environments create a fundamental difference that is important for users to understand.
The Critical Distinction Between TED and Standard Compression
The primary difference between these garments lies in the environment for which they are engineered. TED is an acronym that stands for Thromboembolism-Deterrent, immediately signaling their function is to prevent blood clots in specific patient populations. Standard compression socks, on the other hand, are designed for a broader range of conditions and for people who are generally mobile. Both utilize the principle of “gradient compression,” where the garment is tightest at the ankle and the pressure gradually decreases as it moves up the leg. This pressure gradient is designed to promote the upward flow of blood, supporting the body’s natural venous return system. The intended activity level of the wearer—immobile versus active—is the factor that dictates the required pressure profile and overall garment construction.
TED Hose: Designed for Non-Ambulatory Use
TED hose are specifically designed for individuals who are temporarily immobile, most often patients confined to bed rest in a hospital setting following surgery. These garments are sometimes referred to as anti-embolism stockings, highlighting their primary role in Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis when a patient is lying flat. Because the wearer is not standing or walking, the lower compression level is sufficient to maintain blood flow and prevent stasis in the deep veins. The pressure range for TED hose is low, generally falling between 8 and 18 mmHg.
Applying higher compression to a patient who is not moving can be detrimental to circulation, which is why the pressure profile is kept low. Sizing for TED hose is often simpler and more standardized than for other compression garments, as they are primarily a temporary, preventative measure. These stockings are not constructed for durability or for the stresses of daily walking, and they are not safe or effective for active, daily use outside of a prescribed, limited-mobility scenario.
Standard Compression Socks: Designed for Active Lifestyles
Standard compression socks are intended for people who are mobile and are used to manage a wide variety of conditions, ranging from mild leg fatigue to chronic venous disorders. These socks are utilized by athletes for recovery, travelers to prevent blood pooling during flights, and individuals managing conditions like edema, venous insufficiency, or varicose veins.
The pressure levels are significantly broader than TED hose, typically starting at 15–20 mmHg and ranging up to 40–50 mmHg or more for medical-grade garments. The higher compression levels are necessary to assist circulation while the wearer is upright, counteracting the full force of gravity on the venous system.
For managing chronic medical issues, the sizing precision is much greater than with TED hose and requires careful measurements of the ankle and calf circumference to ensure the correct gradient is applied. Proper fit is necessary to prevent discomfort and ensure the compression is therapeutic rather than harmful.
Because higher-strength compression (above 20 mmHg) is often required for treating diagnosed medical issues, patients considering this type of garment should consult with a physician. This consultation determines the appropriate pressure level and helps obtain a prescription for proper fitting.