Tarantulas are residents of Arkansas. These large, hairy spiders are a natural part of the state’s ecosystem, typically encountered in various regions across the state.
Identifying the Arkansas Tarantula
The primary tarantula species found in Arkansas is the Oklahoma Brown Tarantula, scientifically known as Aphonopelma hentzi. This species is also referred to as the Texas Brown Tarantula or Missouri Tarantula, reflecting its broad distribution across the southern United States. Aphonopelma hentzi is presumed to be Arkansas’s sole tarantula species.
These terrestrial spiders are among the largest in North America, with females averaging about 2 inches in body length and males slightly over 1.5 inches. Their leg span can exceed 4 inches. The body and legs of A. hentzi are uniformly dark brown, though shades can vary, sometimes appearing with a bronze or brass-colored carapace and a burgundy or brown abdomen. Their entire body is covered in dense, bristly hairs, giving them a furry appearance.
Aphonopelma hentzi inhabits dry, rocky glades and well-drained soils. They create silk-lined burrows, often utilizing abandoned rodent or reptile tunnels or other natural cavities, which can extend up to two feet deep. From these burrows, they emerge at night to ambush insects. Females spend most of their lives in or near their burrows, while males wander extensively during late summer and fall in search of mates. Females can live for 20 to 30 years, reaching sexual maturity around 8 to 11 years of age, whereas males live only a few years after maturing.
Encountering Tarantulas in Arkansas
When encountering tarantulas in Arkansas, it is helpful to understand their behavior and defense mechanisms. Aphonopelma hentzi is a docile and non-aggressive species. They are more inclined to retreat or display a threat posture by rearing up on their hind legs and showing their fangs rather than biting. Bites are rare, occurring only if provoked or threatened.
A tarantula bite is not considered medically significant for humans. The venom produced by A. hentzi is mild and primarily targets their prey. A bite is often compared to a bee sting, resulting in localized pain, redness, and swelling at the site, which usually subsides within a few hours. Severe reactions are uncommon but can occur in individuals with sensitivities.
Tarantulas also possess a defense mechanism involving urticating hairs. These are small, barbed hairs located on their abdomen that they can kick off with their hind legs when disturbed. These hairs can cause irritation, itching, and redness if they come into contact with skin or mucous membranes. If hairs enter the eyes, they can cause discomfort and irritation, requiring careful washing.
If you encounter a tarantula, it is best to observe it from a distance and avoid handling it. If a tarantula enters your home and you wish to relocate it, a gentle method involves placing a container over the spider and sliding a piece of paper or cardboard underneath to safely move it outdoors. These spiders play a role in their ecosystem by consuming insects and are not considered pests.