Tampons are designed to absorb fluid internally, specifically menstrual flow, by being inserted into the vaginal canal where they expand to collect the fluid. This inherent reliance on absorbency means they are not waterproof. When a tampon is exposed to external water, it will readily absorb that water, affecting its performance and structure.
The Anatomy of Absorbency
Tampons manage menstrual flow through their materials and physical structure. They are primarily composed of compressed fibers, typically cotton, rayon, or a blend, which are highly hydrophilic (attracting and holding water). Rayon, derived from wood pulp, is often blended with cotton to enhance fluid retention and structural integrity.
These fibers are tightly compressed but possess a vast network of microscopic spaces. This structure facilitates capillary action, drawing liquid into the narrow spaces. When menstrual fluid contacts the tampon, it is wicked inwards and held within the fiber network, allowing the product to function effectively.
Saturation and Capacity Loss
When a tampon is exposed to water, such as in a pool or ocean, the absorbent fibers immediately begin to take up the liquid. Water is drawn into the material through exposed surfaces, including the retrieval string, which acts like a wick. This absorption quickly saturates the outer layers of the material.
This saturation significantly reduces the tampon’s ability to absorb menstrual flow. Once partially or fully saturated, its remaining capacity for menstrual fluid is diminished or exhausted. The product becomes heavy and waterlogged, which can cause discomfort or lead to premature leakage upon exiting the water.
Using Tampons During Water Activities
It is safe and effective to use a tampon for swimming, but specific practices maintain hygiene and performance. To maximize capacity, insert a fresh tampon immediately before entering the water. This ensures the product is dry and at its full absorbency potential.
After leaving the water, change the tampon immediately, even if the flow is light. A waterlogged tampon holds external water, which may contain chlorine, salt, or bacteria. This damp environment can create conditions where microorganisms may thrive, potentially leading to irritation or a heightened risk of infection. Changing the tampon promptly removes the water-soaked material and any absorbed contaminants, promoting better hygiene.