Sun spiders, scientifically known as Solifugae, are arachnids often mistaken for true spiders or scorpions. Despite their intimidating look and common names like “camel spiders” or “wind scorpions,” they are not considered dangerous to humans. This article explores their unique biology and clarifies why they pose little threat.
Understanding Sun Spiders
Sun spiders belong to the order Solifugae, distinct from true spiders (order Araneae) and scorpions (order Scorpiones). They are characterized by their large, powerful, forward-facing jaws called chelicerae, which can be up to one-third of their body size. Their bodies are covered in hair and range from 1 to 8 inches in length, with coloration varying from pale yellow to reddish-brown, aiding camouflage in sandy environments. Sun spiders possess four pairs of walking legs. The first pair is used as sensory organs or pedipalps.
These arachnids thrive in arid and semi-arid regions globally, including deserts and subtropical areas across Africa, the Middle East, and the southwestern United States. They are primarily nocturnal, seeking shelter under rocks or burrowing in sand during the day to escape heat and sunlight. Sun spiders are active predators, consuming insects, other arthropods, and occasionally small vertebrates like lizards, rodents, or birds. They are known for their speed, running up to 10 miles per hour, which contributes to their “wind scorpion” nickname.
Assessing the Threat: Are They Dangerous?
Sun spiders are not considered dangerous to humans because they lack venom glands. Unlike true spiders, solifugae do not produce silk or spin webs. While they possess strong jaws and can bite if provoked or handled, their bites are minor and not medically significant. Any bite is non-toxic and results in localized pain, redness, or swelling, similar to a pinch.
Many common myths surrounding sun spiders are exaggerations of their capabilities. For instance, the claims of them being extremely fast, jumping long distances, or cutting open the bellies of camels are folklore. Their perceived aggression towards humans, such as running directly at people, is a misunderstanding; they are likely seeking shade from a person’s shadow. Sun spiders are shy creatures and will attempt to flee rather than confront a human.
Encountering Sun Spiders: What to Do
If you encounter a sun spider, the best course of action is to leave it undisturbed. They are naturally shy and will try to escape rather than engage. These arachnids play a beneficial role in their ecosystems by preying on various insects and other arthropods, acting as natural pest control. If a sun spider enters your home and you wish to remove it, gently guide it into a container using a piece of paper or a dustpan and brush, then release it outdoors.
Sun spiders pose little to no threat to humans or pets. Keeping outdoor areas tidy by removing debris, woodpiles, and rocks can help deter them from seeking shelter near homes. Sealing cracks and gaps in foundations, windows, and doors can also prevent them from entering indoor spaces.