Orthodontic spacers, also known as separators, are small elastic rings or metal springs temporarily placed between specific teeth, typically the back molars. Their sole function is to create a small gap, often over a period of one to two weeks, before the next stage of treatment begins. This created space is necessary for the orthodontist to comfortably fit metal bands around the molars, which serve as anchors for braces or other appliances. While the presence of a foreign object designed to move teeth can cause concern, true dangers associated with dental spacers are extremely rare, and they are considered a safe, routine preliminary step in orthodontic care.
Expected Discomfort and Normal Side Effects
The primary experience most patients report is a feeling of pressure, similar to having food wedged between the teeth. This is a direct result of the spacer performing its intended function—gently pushing the teeth apart. This feeling of tightness usually begins a few hours after placement, as the teeth begin to respond to the constant, mild force.
Soreness, particularly when biting down or chewing, is also a common side effect and a sign that the treatment is working effectively. This discomfort is usually most noticeable during the first two to four days after the spacers are placed, and it will gradually subside as the teeth adjust to their new, slightly separated position. The appearance of a small temporary gap between the teeth indicates the spacer has successfully created the necessary room.
Recognizing True Complications and Risks
While mild soreness is expected, certain symptoms differentiate normal discomfort from a genuine complication. Persistent, severe, or throbbing pain that does not improve with over-the-counter pain medication is a warning sign. The pain from a working spacer should never be debilitating or last for more than a few days.
Rarely, a spacer may slip below the gumline and become lodged, leading to a localized infection. Signs of an infection include severe localized swelling, unusual redness of the gum tissue around the spacer, or the presence of pus discharge. Systemic symptoms like a fever or malaise accompanying the oral pain also indicate a potential problem. A patient may also experience an allergic reaction to the latex or metal components of the spacer, which could manifest as significant swelling or widespread irritation. Any of these signs warrant an immediate call to the orthodontist.
Daily Care and Troubleshooting Missing Spacers
Managing the expected soreness can be achieved using non-prescription pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen. Warm salt water rinses can also help to soothe irritated gum tissue and reduce minor inflammation around the area. To prevent dislodging the spacers, patients must avoid sticky, chewy, or hard foods like gum, caramel, taffy, or hard candies throughout the treatment period.
Oral hygiene is important, but careful technique is necessary to keep the spacers in place. Patients should brush normally but must avoid using dental floss between the teeth that have a spacer. Flossing in this area will pull the spacer out prematurely. If a spacer does fall out, which is common as the desired space is created, the patient should contact the orthodontic office. If the spacer is lost more than two days before the next scheduled appointment, it often needs replacement to ensure the gap remains open for band placement.