Skunks are present across Arizona, adapting to various landscapes from riparian canyons to suburban areas. These nocturnal mammals, recognized by their distinct black and white patterns, are a common part of the state’s wildlife. Understanding their presence and behaviors aids coexistence.
Skunk Species Found in Arizona
Arizona is home to four skunk species. The striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) is the most widespread, found nearly everywhere except extreme desert environments. It typically has a thin white facial stripe and varying body stripe patterns. Striped skunks prefer riparian habitats and remain active year-round, not hibernating even in northern Arizona.
The western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis) is smaller, squirrel-sized, with a black coat patterned by broken white stripes, appearing as spots. It has a white triangular patch on the forehead and a white spot under each ear. This species is found across the state, particularly in rocky, mountainous areas and riparian canyons, and is unique among Arizona skunks for its ability to climb trees.
The American hog-nosed skunk (Conepatus leuconotus) is Arizona’s largest skunk. It has an entirely white back and tail, lacks a forehead stripe, and features a distinctive elongated, largely naked snout with long, bear-like claws for digging. Its range is primarily in southeastern Arizona, extending along the Mogollon Rim. The hooded skunk (Mephitis macroura), closely related to the striped skunk, is generally confined to southeastern Arizona, though sightings have occurred further north. It can appear with an all-white back or two white side stripes, and has a tail longer than its body.
Encountering Skunks
Skunks are generally docile and non-aggressive, preferring to avoid confrontation. They are primarily nocturnal, foraging in the evening and early morning. If threatened, a skunk displays warning behaviors before spraying, such as stamping its front feet, hissing, or raising its tail high. Western spotted skunks may even perform a handstand as a warning.
Their spray, a pungent, oily substance containing sulfur compounds, is a last resort defense, accurately projected up to 10-15 feet. Skunks conserve their spray; it takes 10-14 days to replenish their supply, leaving them vulnerable.
If encountered, remain calm and move away slowly. Avoid sudden movements, loud noises, or direct eye contact, as skunks have poor eyesight and may perceive these as threats. If a skunk has made a den, avoid disturbing it.
Skunks can carry rabies. Signs of infection include abnormal behavior like daytime activity, lethargy, disorientation, foaming at the mouth, or unusual aggression. While nocturnal, a skunk seen during the day is not automatically rabid; it could be a nursing mother foraging for food. However, if a skunk exhibits other concerning symptoms like stumbling or fearlessness around humans, caution is warranted. If bitten or scratched, seek immediate medical attention, as rabies can be transmitted through saliva, even if the animal is not yet symptomatic.
Preventing Skunk Encounters
Proactive measures can reduce skunk visits or denning on private property. Securing food sources is primary, as skunks are opportunistic omnivores attracted to readily available meals. Use trash cans with tight-fitting or locking lids, storing them indoors until collection day if possible. Do not leave pet food outside overnight, and collect fallen fruits.
Eliminating potential den sites makes property less appealing to skunks seeking shelter. Skunks often utilize spaces under decks, porches, sheds, or brush piles. Seal these openings with sturdy materials like welded wire or hardware cloth. Burying the barrier 12 to 18 inches deep and at a 45-degree angle prevents skunks from digging underneath.
Deterrents can discourage skunks from entering a yard. Motion-activated lights or sprinklers startle nocturnal skunks, making the area less comfortable. Strong-smelling substances like citrus peels or ammonia-soaked rags near potential entry points act as repellents, though ammonia requires caution due to its toxicity. Maintaining a clean yard by removing debris and trimming overgrown vegetation also eliminates hiding spots.