Many people encounter small, soft growths on their skin and wonder about their origin, sometimes fearing a connection to Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Both skin tags and certain viral growths can appear on the skin. This article clarifies the differences, providing accurate information on skin tags, their causes, and characteristics to alleviate such worries.
Understanding Skin Tags
Skin tags, medically known as acrochordons, are common, benign skin growths. They often appear as small, flesh-colored or slightly darker tissue clusters with a soft, smooth texture, frequently hanging from the skin by a tiny stalk. While their size can vary, they are generally small, often between 1 to 5 millimeters. These growths are non-cancerous and do not pose a health risk.
They commonly develop in areas where skin rubs against itself or clothing, such as the neck, armpits, groin, eyelids, and under the breasts. Estimates suggest that 50% to 60% of adults will develop at least one skin tag in their lifetime, especially as they age. Most skin tags are painless, but they can become irritated, sore, or bleed if consistently rubbed or snagged by jewelry or clothing.
Skin Tags Are Not HPV
Skin tags are not caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a virus responsible for warts, which differ significantly from skin tags in their underlying cause and appearance. Warts, resulting from a viral infection, typically have a rough, bumpy, or cauliflower-like surface and can be flat or raised. They are also contagious and can spread through direct or indirect contact.
In contrast, skin tags are benign overgrowths of skin tissue and are not viral in origin or contagious. While both can appear in similar areas, such as the genital region, their causes are distinct. Some research has detected HPV DNA in a portion of skin tags, suggesting a potential correlation, but this does not establish HPV as their primary cause. The general consensus is that skin tags are not a direct result of HPV infection.
Common Causes of Skin Tags
The development of skin tags is associated with several factors, primarily mechanical irritation. Friction from skin rubbing against skin or clothing is a common contributor, explaining their frequent appearance in skin folds.
Genetics also play a role, as individuals with a family history of skin tags are more likely to develop them. Aging is another significant factor, with skin tags becoming more prevalent after the fourth decade of life due to changes in skin elasticity and collagen production.
Excess weight and obesity increase the likelihood of skin tags because they result in more skin folds and areas of friction. Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy or menopause, can also contribute to their formation. Conditions like insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are also linked to skin tag development, suggesting a connection to metabolic health.
When to Consult a Professional
While skin tags are typically harmless, consult a healthcare professional in specific situations. If a skin tag changes in color, size, or shape, or if it begins to bleed, becomes painful, or causes irritation, medical evaluation is recommended. These changes could indicate an underlying issue.
Seeking professional advice is also important if you are uncertain whether a growth is a skin tag or resembles something else, such as a mole, wart, or other skin lesion. A dermatologist can accurately diagnose the growth and rule out more serious conditions, including skin cancer, which can sometimes mimic a skin tag. Additionally, if a skin tag causes persistent discomfort due to friction or for cosmetic reasons, a healthcare provider can discuss safe removal options.