Seals are captivating marine mammals that often evoke a sense of wonder. Their presence in coastal waters frequently sparks curiosity about the safety of swimming nearby. Understanding the natural instincts and behaviors of these wild animals is important for both human safety and the well-being of the seals themselves. This knowledge helps clarify how people and seals can coexist without unintended consequences.
Understanding Seal Behavior and Associated Risks
Seals are wild animals, not domesticated pets, and their behaviors are driven by survival instincts. While often curious, they can exhibit territoriality, particularly during breeding seasons or when protecting their young. A seal’s natural curiosity might lead it to approach swimmers, but this should not be mistaken for friendliness or an invitation for interaction. Seals explore their environment with their mouths and flippers, which can inadvertently lead to contact with humans.
A significant risk associated with seal encounters is the potential for bites. Although rare, a seal bite can transmit a serious bacterial infection known as “seal finger” or “sealer’s finger.” This infection, often caused by Mycoplasma species, can lead to painful swelling, joint inflammation, and, if untreated, potentially permanent disability. Beyond bites, seals are powerful creatures capable of inadvertently bumping or pushing swimmers, which could cause injury or panic in the water. Human presence can also stress seals, disrupting their feeding, resting, or nursing cycles, which might lead to unpredictable reactions.
Safe Practices for Swimming with Seals
Maintaining a respectful distance is a primary safeguard when seals are present in the water. Wildlife experts generally recommend keeping at least 100 meters, and ideally 200 meters, away from seals to avoid disturbing them. Approaching or feeding seals can habituate them to human presence, which can be detrimental to their natural behaviors and increase the likelihood of negative interactions. Seals that become accustomed to humans may lose their natural wariness, making them more vulnerable to harm.
Observing their body language can provide clues about a seal’s comfort level. Signs of stress or aggression include growling, snorting, head-thrusting, or waving a foreflipper. Swimmers should avoid areas where seals are known to haul out on land or where pups are present, as mothers are highly protective. Refraining from loud noises, sudden movements, or splashing can help prevent startling seals, reducing the chance of an agitated response.
What to Do During a Seal Encounter
If a seal approaches while swimming, remaining calm is important. Avoid sudden movements or direct eye contact, as these actions can be perceived as threatening. Instead, slowly and calmly retreat from the area, making yourself appear as uninteresting as possible to the seal. The goal is to allow the seal to lose interest and swim away on its own terms.
Should a seal exhibit aggressive behavior, such as repeated close approaches, vocalizations, or forceful splashing, swimmers should slowly and deliberately back away and exit the water if possible. In the rare event of a seal bite, immediate medical attention is necessary. Even a minor skin break can introduce bacteria that cause “seal finger,” requiring specialized antibiotic treatment to prevent severe complications.