Scorpions are often associated with arid desert environments, but they can be found in various regions across the United States, including Tennessee. Understanding their habits and characteristics can help demystify these arachnids and provide clarity on how to coexist. This information addresses common concerns and offers practical insights for residents and visitors.
Scorpions in Tennessee: Confirmed Presence
Scorpions are present in Tennessee, though less numerous than in southwestern states. The most commonly encountered species is the Striped Bark Scorpion (Centruroides vittatus). The Southern Devil Scorpion (Vaejovis carolinianus) is also found. These arachnids primarily inhabit the eastern and central parts of the state, including higher elevations like the Smoky Mountains and the Cumberland Plateau, but can also appear in valley areas. They are generally reclusive creatures.
The Striped Bark Scorpion: Identification and Habits
The Striped Bark Scorpion (Centruroides vittatus) is a medium-sized scorpion, typically reaching lengths up to 70 millimeters (2.75 inches). Its body color is usually a uniform pale yellow to tan, marked by two dark, longitudinal stripes on its back. A dark triangular mark is often visible on its head, above the eyes. Its slender pedipalps (pincers) and a long, thin tail are also identifying features.
This scorpion is nocturnal, meaning it is most active during the night when it emerges to hunt for prey. During the day, it seeks shelter in cool, damp, and undisturbed places, such as under rocks, logs, leaf litter, and other surface debris. Striped Bark Scorpions also inhabit weathered rural structures like old sheds and barns, and can sometimes be found inside homes, particularly in basements, crawlspaces, and attics. They are capable climbers and may be found on trees, walls, and in attics.
The venom of the Striped Bark Scorpion is neurotoxic but generally considered mild for healthy humans. A sting is often compared to a bee or wasp sting, causing localized pain, swelling, and sometimes numbness or tingling. Stings from this species are rarely medically significant or life-threatening, though severe allergic reactions are possible in sensitive individuals. These scorpions are not aggressive and typically sting only when threatened or accidentally provoked, such as when stepped on or handled.
Encountering Scorpions: Awareness and Simple Precautions
Exercising awareness in areas where scorpions might be present can help reduce accidental encounters. Scorpions often seek shelter in dark, secluded spots during daylight hours. Outdoors, they can be found under woodpiles, rock piles, and other debris. Clearing these potential hiding spots from around your home can make your property less appealing.
To minimize indoor encounters, homeowners can implement several precautions. Sealing cracks and gaps in foundations, walls, and around windows and doors prevents scorpions from entering homes. Ensuring window screens are intact and that weatherstripping and door sweeps are properly installed also helps. Inside the home, reducing clutter in storage areas like basements and closets limits their hiding spots. Additionally, shake out shoes, clothing, and towels before use, as scorpions might seek refuge in them.