Arkansas is home to scorpions, though their presence might surprise some. While often associated with deserts, the state’s diverse ecosystems provide suitable habitats. Understanding the species, their behaviors, and how to safely coexist can help alleviate concerns.
Scorpion Species in Arkansas
The Striped Bark Scorpion (Centruroides vittatus) is the primary species found throughout Arkansas, and the only one widely distributed across the state. Adults measure about 2.5 to 3 inches. They are characterized by their yellowish-brown coloration, featuring two distinct broad, dark longitudinal bands along their back. A triangular dark spot is often visible on their head region, and the tip of their stinger is dark brown or black. These scorpions exhibit a phosphorescent yellow glow under ultraviolet light.
The Striped Bark Scorpion’s venom is of low toxicity to humans; most stings are minor, comparable to a bee or wasp sting. Initial symptoms include sharp pain and localized swelling, which usually subsides but can be followed by numbness or tingling. While severe allergic reactions are uncommon, some individuals may experience more widespread symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, vomiting, or chest tightness. Children, the elderly, or those with compromised immune systems may experience more pronounced reactions, though fatalities are rare.
Typical Habitats and Behavior
Striped Bark Scorpions are highly adaptable, inhabiting various environments across Arkansas. Outdoors, they prefer sheltered locations such as under loose bark, rocks, logs, woodpiles, or crumbling foundations. They are found in deciduous forests, pine forests, grasslands, and even desert-like areas. These scorpions are capable climbers, often scaling trees, fence posts, and the exterior walls of buildings.
Scorpions are nocturnal creatures, emerging after sunset to forage. Their diet primarily consists of spiders and various insects. They may enter human dwellings in search of shelter, moisture, or food sources. Entry often occurs during warmer months, particularly April through June, when they are more active. Inside homes, they are frequently found in dark, undisturbed areas like attics, wall voids, crawl spaces, basements, and under sinks.
Safety and Prevention
Minimizing encounters with scorpions involves implementing several practical measures around the home and yard. Sealing cracks and crevices in foundations, walls, windows, and doors with caulk or weather stripping can prevent entry. Installing door sweeps can also block access points. Maintaining a tidy outdoor environment by removing clutter, debris, and keeping woodpiles at least 30 feet away from the house helps eliminate their preferred hiding spots. Trimming trees and shrubs away from the home can also reduce accessible pathways.
Reducing moisture sources, such as fixing leaky faucets and ensuring proper ventilation in bathrooms, makes indoor spaces less appealing to scorpions seeking water. Controlling other household pests, which serve as a food source for scorpions, can also deter them. Indoors, it is advisable to shake out shoes, clothing, and bedding before use, especially items stored in dark areas like closets or attics. Wearing shoes, even indoors, and promptly making beds can also reduce the chance of an unexpected encounter.
If a scorpion sting occurs, first aid involves washing the affected area with soap and water. Applying a cold compress or ice pack can help reduce pain and swelling. Removing any jewelry from the stung area is recommended in case of swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, can be used for discomfort. While most stings from Striped Bark Scorpions are not severe, medical attention should be sought if symptoms worsen, persist, or if an allergic reaction is suspected.