The term “scorpion spider” often causes confusion, as it refers to two distinct arachnid orders: whip scorpions (Amblypygi) and solifuges, also known as camel spiders or wind scorpions. While these creatures may appear intimidating, they are neither true spiders nor scorpions. This article clarifies their characteristics and addresses whether they pose a danger to humans.
Identifying “Scorpion Spiders”
Whip scorpions, or Amblypygi, have flattened, broad bodies and can range from 5 to 16 centimeters in legspan. They possess eight legs, though only six are used for walking, often in a sideways, crab-like manner. The front pair of legs are long and thin, serving as sensory organs that can extend several times their body length, resembling whips. They also have large, spiny pedipalps, which are modified appendages used for grasping prey and defense.
Solifuges, commonly called camel spiders or wind scorpions, are arachnids recognized by their large, powerful jaws, called chelicerae, which can be up to one-third of their body length. These creatures typically have tan or dark brown bodies covered in fine hairs and can reach lengths of up to 15 centimeters, including their legs. Despite having eight legs, they often appear to have ten due to two leg-like pedipalps near their mouths used for sensation and manipulating prey.
Are They Venomous?
A common misconception is that “scorpion spiders” are venomous. However, neither whip scorpions nor solifuges possess venom glands or the ability to inject venom.
Whip scorpions are harmless to humans. When threatened, some species can spray a defensive mist containing acetic acid, similar to vinegar, which may cause minor skin or eye irritation but is not dangerous.
Solifuges, despite their intimidating appearance and powerful jaws, are also non-venomous. They use their large chelicerae to crush and tear prey, rather than injecting venom. While they can deliver a painful bite if provoked, these bites are generally not considered medically significant to humans. The primary risk associated with a solifuge bite is the potential for secondary infection due to the wound itself.
What to Do After a Bite
Although solifuges are not venomous, their powerful jaws can inflict a painful bite that may break the skin. Such a bite can result in localized pain, swelling, or irritation, similar to other insect bites.
If a bite occurs, clean the wound thoroughly with mild soap and water or an antiseptic solution. Covering the area with a bandage can help prevent dirt and bacteria from entering the wound.
Applying an ice pack or cold compress can help reduce swelling and discomfort at the bite site. While medical attention is generally not needed for a solifuge bite, seek professional medical advice if the wound shows signs of worsening, such as increased redness, swelling, pus, or if a fever develops. These symptoms might indicate a secondary bacterial infection, which would require appropriate treatment.