Sand fleas are present in Florida’s coastal environments. These small creatures are a natural part of the beach ecosystem and can be encountered by beachgoers. The term “sand flea” often refers to more than one type of organism found in sandy areas.
What Exactly Are Sand Fleas?
The term “sand flea” in Florida commonly refers to two distinct types of organisms: mole crabs and biting midges. Mole crabs, also known as sand crabs or beach hoppers, are small crustaceans, related to shrimp and lobsters. They have oval-shaped bodies, often light brownish-gray, and burrow backward into wet sand to filter-feed. These mole crabs do not bite humans.
Conversely, the bites commonly attributed to “sand fleas” in Florida are usually from biting midges, tiny insects also known as “no-see-ums” or “sand flies.” Biting midges are prevalent in Florida’s humid coastal areas, including salt marshes and mangrove swamps, and are active blood-feeders. Only female biting midges bite, as they require a blood meal to produce eggs.
The Impact of Sand Flea Bites
Bites from biting midges can cause discomfort. These bites typically appear as small, red, raised bumps, often clustered on exposed skin, especially around the feet, ankles, and lower legs. The primary symptom is intense itching, which can be more persistent than that of mosquito bites. Some individuals may experience mild swelling, welts, or even blister-like bumps.
Reactions vary among individuals, with some experiencing prolonged discomfort and inflammation. While not dangerous, excessive scratching can break the skin, potentially leading to secondary bacterial infections. These bites usually subside within a few days.
Protecting Yourself from Sand Fleas
Protecting yourself from biting midges involves several preventative measures. Avoiding the beach during their peak activity times, typically at dawn and dusk, can reduce bites. These insects prefer cooler, calmer conditions, and their activity can extend throughout cloudy or humid days with low winds. Planning beach visits for midday hours, when the sun is higher and temperatures are warmer, can help.
Wearing protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts, pants, and closed-toe shoes, creates a physical barrier. Applying insect repellents containing DEET or picaridin to exposed skin is also effective. When relaxing on the beach, using a towel or blanket provides a barrier between your skin and the moist sand where these midges are commonly found.
What to Do After a Sand Flea Bite
If you experience bites from biting midges, prompt care can alleviate discomfort and prevent complications. Begin by thoroughly cleaning the affected area with soap and water to reduce infection risk. Applying a cold compress can help soothe immediate itching and reduce swelling.
Over-the-counter remedies like hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion can relieve itching and inflammation. Oral antihistamines can also provide relief from generalized itching and swelling. Avoid scratching the bites, as this can worsen irritation and increase the chance of secondary infections. If bites become severely swollen, show signs of infection such as pus or increased redness, or if you experience an allergic reaction, seeking medical attention is advisable.