Salmon patches, medically known as nevus simplex, are common birthmarks that appear on newborns, present at birth or developing shortly after. These benign skin markings are a frequent sight, affecting approximately one-third to nearly half of all infants across various ethnic backgrounds. They are generally harmless, appearing as flat, reddish or pinkish areas, and represent a minor skin variation rather than a health concern. Depending on their location, these marks are also widely referred to as stork bites or angel kisses.
Their Nature and Appearance
Salmon patches appear as flat areas of skin discoloration, typically pink, red, or light purple. They have an irregular shape with indistinct borders and do not feel raised or textured to the touch. These marks are caused by the dilation, or stretching, of tiny blood vessels called capillaries, which are located very close to the skin’s surface. This vascular malformation is a common congenital lesion, resulting from the presence of abnormally dilated dermal capillaries.
The location of these marks often dictates their common name. Patches on the forehead, eyelids, nose, or upper lip are frequently called “angel kisses.” Conversely, marks found on the nape of the neck or the back of the head are known as “stork bites.” While these are the most common sites, salmon patches can occasionally appear on other areas of the body.
Do They Fade Over Time?
Most salmon patches are temporary and tend to fade significantly or disappear entirely as a child grows. The likelihood and timeline of fading largely depend on the patch’s specific location. Those found on the face, often called angel kisses, typically resolve within the first one to two years of life, with many becoming unnoticeable by 18 months of age.
As the infant’s skin matures and thickens, the underlying dilated capillaries become less prominent, contributing to their fading appearance. This natural process leads to the reabsorption or reduced visibility of the superficial blood vessels over time. Even after seemingly disappearing, these facial marks can temporarily reappear or darken when the child cries, strains, or experiences changes in body temperature due to increased blood flow. This temporary change does not indicate the mark is growing or reappearing permanently.
In contrast, salmon patches located on the nape of the neck, known as stork bites, have a higher tendency to persist into adulthood. While they may not vanish completely, these nuchal patches often become much less noticeable over time, primarily because they are typically covered by hair as the child grows. Research indicates that approximately half of stork bites on the neck may remain present, though usually not as prominent as they were in infancy.
When to Seek Medical Advice
Salmon patches are harmless and typically do not require medical treatment. However, it is always appropriate to consult a healthcare provider if you have concerns about any birthmark on your child. A doctor can confirm the diagnosis, ensuring the mark is indeed a benign salmon patch and not another type of birthmark that might require monitoring or intervention. Medical advice is recommended if the patch changes in color, size, or texture, or if it appears in an unusual location. For instance, patches on the lower back can rarely be associated with underlying spinal conditions, warranting further evaluation.