Red wasps, commonly found throughout the central and eastern United States, are a type of paper wasp known for building distinctive nests. These social insects live in colonies sometimes housing up to 5,000 wasps. Red wasps construct their nests from chewed wood fibers and saliva, creating a paper-like material. They are often observed in various habitats, including gardens, parks, and urban environments.
Why Red Wasps Are Considered Dangerous
Red wasps are considered dangerous primarily due to their sting, which can be quite painful. Unlike bees, female red wasps can sting multiple times because they do not lose their stinger after an initial attack. The venom injected during a sting causes immediate and intense pain, often described as a burning sensation.
These wasps are generally not aggressive unless provoked or when their nest is disturbed. However, they will defend their colony vigorously if they perceive a threat, chasing intruders up to 50 feet from the nest.
The risk of multiple stings increases significantly if a nest is accidentally disturbed, especially during the day when wasps are most active. While most reactions are localized, their potent venom and defensive behavior warrant caution.
How to Identify Red Wasps
Red wasps are relatively easy to identify due to their distinct physical characteristics and nesting habits. They typically measure between ¾ and 1 inch long, making them a medium-sized wasp. Their bodies are predominantly rusty-red or reddish-brown, with some individuals having yellow markings on their legs or mouthparts. A notable feature is their dark, purplish-black or black wings, which contrast with their reddish bodies.
These wasps possess a slender body with a noticeably pinched waist. Their nests are made of a paper-like substance and often resemble an upside-down umbrella or a honeycomb pattern, attached to a surface by a single stem.
Red wasps prefer to build their nests in sheltered locations, such as under eaves, porch ceilings, in attic vents, or on tree branches. The open, exposed cells of their nests are visible from the bottom, distinguishing them from other wasp species whose nests might be fully enclosed.
What to Do After a Red Wasp Sting
If a red wasp sting occurs, immediate first aid can help manage the symptoms. Begin by washing the sting area thoroughly with soap and water to help remove any remaining venom. Applying a cold pack or ice to the affected site can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream, calamine lotion, or oral antihistamines may be used to soothe itching and skin irritation.
Most people will experience localized symptoms such as sharp pain, redness, swelling, and itching at the sting site. These reactions usually subside within a few hours, though swelling might persist for several days.
However, it is important to monitor for signs of a more severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis. Symptoms requiring immediate medical attention include:
Severe swelling of the face, lips, or throat
Hives not confined to the sting area
Difficulty breathing or wheezing
Dizziness
A sudden drop in blood pressure
Loss of consciousness
In such cases, emergency medical services should be contacted without delay.