Red wasps are common in many regions, often building nests near human activity. Understanding their identifying features and typical behaviors provides insight into minimizing potential encounters and stings. This article explores red wasp characteristics, behavior, and strategies to reduce sting risks.
Identifying Red Wasps
Red wasps (Polistes carolina and Polistes rubiginosus) are easily recognized by their striking appearance. These paper wasps measure ¾ to 1.5 inches, with slender bodies and a pinched waist. Their most distinctive characteristic is rusty reddish-brown coloration, often with subtle black or yellow markings, and dark, purplish-black wings. They are considered the only “all red” wasp species found in North America.
They construct paper-like nests from chewed wood fibers and saliva. Nests are typically exposed, umbrella-shaped combs attached by a central stem, with open cells visible from below. They frequently build nests in sheltered outdoor locations like under roof eaves, on porch ceilings, inside outbuildings, or within hollow trees, with some growing to dinner plate size.
Understanding Red Wasp Behavior
Red wasps are not aggressive unless they perceive a direct threat to themselves or their colony. Stinging is primarily a defensive mechanism, especially when their nest is disturbed or approached too closely. Female red wasps are capable of stinging multiple times because, unlike bees, they do not lose their stingers. Male red wasps, however, do not possess the ability to sting.
Aggression escalates when nests are in danger, leading to territorial defense where they may chase intruders up to 50 feet away. Sudden movements, strong scents, or accidental contact with a wasp can also provoke a sting. Nest defense activity peaks during daytime when the colony is most active. While foraging for nectar or insects like caterpillars, red wasps are less confrontational. However, a foraging wasp will still sting if it feels personally threatened. Increased numbers of wasps entering and exiting rapidly indicate a more defensive colony.
Minimizing Encounters and Stings
To avoid red wasp stings, maintain a respectful distance from their nests. If you encounter a wasp, move calmly and slowly away; sudden, swatting motions can provoke them. Inspecting outdoor spaces like eaves, porches, and outdoor furniture before use can help identify hidden nests.
Proper outdoor food management is important, as red wasps are attracted to sugary substances and protein sources. Keep food and drinks covered, especially during outdoor gatherings, to deter them from lingering in human-occupied areas. Wearing light-colored, loose-fitting clothing that covers exposed skin can offer some protection, and avoiding strong perfumes or scented products may reduce attraction.
If a nest is in a high-traffic area, professional removal is recommended, particularly for large colonies or if individuals with allergies are present. For smaller nests, removal is safest after dark when the wasps are less active.