American Red Squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) are a common sight across North America, sparking curiosity about their impact on homes and local environments. These small, active rodents are recognized by their reddish-brown fur and distinctive territorial calls. The question of whether these creatures are “bad” often arises, prompting a closer look at their behaviors and roles in ecosystems and human environments. This article explores concerns associated with red squirrels, their ecological contributions, and how they compare to other squirrel species.
Common Nuisances They Cause
Red squirrels can cause conflicts with human interests through their foraging and nesting behaviors. They might chew on wooden structures, electrical wires, or insulation when seeking shelter or materials for their nests, especially if they gain access to attics or homes. This gnawing behavior, driven by their need to keep their incisors trimmed, can lead to property damage or fire hazards.
Gardeners may also find red squirrels a nuisance. These opportunistic foragers dig up bulbs, raid bird feeders, and consume fruits or vegetables from cultivated areas. Their habit of burying food in numerous small caches contributes to these garden disturbances, stemming from the squirrels’ instincts to secure food and shelter.
Impacts on Ecosystems
American Red Squirrels play a significant role in their ecosystems, particularly in coniferous forests. They cut down conifer cones and store them in large piles called middens, which can be extensive. This behavior aids in seed dispersal, as they do not always retrieve all cached seeds, contributing to forest regeneration.
These squirrels are part of the broader food web, serving as prey for predators like martens, bobcats, and owls. While primarily consuming seeds, nuts, and fungi, red squirrels are opportunistic and may occasionally prey on bird eggs or nestlings. Their territorial nature, defending food caches from other squirrels and chipmunks, also influences local wildlife dynamics.
Distinguishing Red Squirrels from Grey Squirrels
Distinguishing American Red Squirrels from Eastern Grey Squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) is helpful, as many negative perceptions are often attributed to grey squirrels, especially where they are invasive. Red squirrels are smaller, typically 11-14 inches long including their bushy tail, and weigh 6-7 ounces. They have reddish-brown fur on their backs, a white belly, and a distinct white ring around their eyes.
Grey squirrels, in contrast, are larger, often 15-20 inches long, and primarily grey with a lighter underside. Red squirrels are highly territorial and vocal, frequently chattering loudly to announce their presence or warn intruders. Grey squirrels are generally less vocal and territorial. Many widespread property damage issues, such as extensive wire chewing or large-scale garden destruction, are more commonly associated with the larger, often more urbanized grey squirrel populations.
Coexisting with Red Squirrels
Coexisting with red squirrels involves implementing humane strategies to mitigate potential conflicts. To prevent squirrels from entering homes or attics, seal all potential entry points, such as gaps in siding, vents, or around pipes, with durable materials like wire mesh. Trimming tree branches at least five feet away from the house can also reduce access points.
Protecting bird feeders involves using squirrel-resistant feeders with baffles or cages that prevent squirrels from reaching the seeds. Placing feeders away from jumping-off points like trees or fences also helps. For gardens, netting or fencing can deter squirrels from digging up bulbs or eating produce. These methods focus on exclusion and deterrence rather than harmful measures, promoting peaceful coexistence.