When encountering a red millipede, a common question arises: are they dangerous? While these arthropods might appear intimidating with their many legs, they are not “poisonous” in the way many people typically assume, as they do not bite or sting to inject toxins. Red millipedes, like other millipede species, possess unique defense mechanisms that involve chemical secretions rather than venom. Understanding these defenses helps clarify their actual risk to humans and pets.
Understanding Millipede Defenses
Unlike centipedes, their close relatives, millipedes are generally docile and do not bite. Instead, their primary defense mechanism involves secreting a fluid from pores located along the sides of their bodies when they feel threatened. This defense is a deterrent, designed to make them unappetizing or irritating to predators, rather than an offensive weapon.
The defensive fluids released by millipedes are complex mixtures of chemicals, often including compounds like quinones, phenols, and hydrogen cyanide derivatives. These secretions are produced by specialized glands along their segmented bodies. Some species can even spray these fluids a considerable distance, up to nearly three feet.
Effects of Defensive Secretions
Contact with the defensive secretions from a red millipede results in localized effects. For humans, this can manifest as skin irritation, including itching or a burning sensation. The chemicals can also cause temporary skin discoloration, often appearing as a yellowing or browning, which may persist for weeks or even months. A strong, unpleasant odor may also accompany the fluid.
If the millipede’s secretions come into contact with sensitive areas like the eyes or mucous membranes, the irritation can be more significant. Eye exposure may lead to pain, redness, tearing, and inflammation, requiring immediate and thorough flushing with water for at least 20 minutes. While rare, severe reactions can occur in individuals with allergies.
For pets, ingestion or contact can cause symptoms such as drooling, vomiting, or irritation of the mouth. Systemic poisoning is extremely rare, and most exposures are not life-threatening. If contact occurs, washing the affected skin thoroughly with soap and water is recommended.
Encountering Red Millipedes
Red millipedes are characterized by their elongated, segmented bodies, which can be cylindrical or slightly flattened. Many species exhibit reddish-brown colors, sometimes with distinct bands or markings. They possess two pairs of legs per body segment. When threatened, millipedes often curl into a tight coil to protect their softer underside.
These arthropods are generally harmless and are often found indoors when seeking moisture or shelter from environmental changes. If a red millipede is found in the home, it can be safely removed without direct handling. One method is to gently sweep them into a dustpan with a broom, or use gloved hands for relocation. Avoid direct contact with bare skin. Keeping areas dry and free of debris around the home can help deter them from entering.