Encounters with red-colored lizards often raise questions about their potential danger. Understanding the distinctions between poisonous and venomous animals, along with common lizard species, can alleviate these concerns and provide clarity regarding safety.
The Truth About Red Lizards and Poison
Very few lizard species are venomous, and none are considered poisonous in the way that some amphibians or plants are, where toxins are harmful if ingested or touched. The terms “poisonous” and “venomous” describe different methods of toxin delivery. A poisonous animal delivers toxins passively, such as through skin contact or ingestion, while a venomous animal actively injects toxins, typically through a bite or sting.
The only two lizard species recognized as venomous are the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) and the Mexican beaded lizard (Heloderma horridum). Gila monsters are known for black and pink, yellow, or orange patterns, while Mexican beaded lizards are black with yellowish bands. These reptiles are found in specific regions of the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Guatemala, and are generally reclusive.
Common Red-Colored Lizards You Might Encounter
While true venomous lizards are not red, several non-venomous species can exhibit reddish or orange coloration. The male broad-headed skink (Plestiodon laticeps) is one example, developing an orange-red head, particularly during breeding season. These skinks are found in the southeastern United States, often in wooded areas, and can grow up to 12.5 inches in length.
Another common lizard that can appear reddish is the green anole (Anolis carolinensis), sometimes called the “American chameleon” due to its ability to change color. While primarily green or brown, male anoles can display a pinkish or red throat fan, known as a dewlap, during courtship or territorial displays. These small lizards are widespread across the southeastern U.S. and are harmless to humans.
Understanding Lizard Venom and Its Effects
Lizard venom, unlike poison, is injected into a victim, typically through a bite. The Gila monster and Mexican beaded lizard deliver venom through grooved teeth in their lower jaws, often chewing to allow the venom to seep into the wound. Their venom is a complex mixture of enzymes and other substances, which can cause severe pain, swelling, and a tingling sensation at the bite site.
Systemic symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, sweating, dizziness, and a drop in blood pressure. While painful, bites from these lizards are rarely fatal to humans. These lizards are not aggressive and bite only when provoked or handled.
Safety Measures and When to Seek Help
Observing lizards from a distance is always advisable, and attempting to handle wild lizards should be avoided. In the rare event of a lizard bite, regardless of the species, cleaning the wound thoroughly with soap and water is important. Applying an antiseptic can help prevent infection.
If the bite is from a suspected venomous lizard like a Gila monster or Mexican beaded lizard, or if symptoms such as swelling, severe pain, or signs of infection develop, prompt medical attention is necessary. While most lizard bites are minor and easily treated, seeking medical advice ensures appropriate care, especially if there is any uncertainty about the lizard species involved.