Are rainbow trees real? Yes, these captivating trees, known scientifically as Eucalyptus deglupta, are a natural phenomenon. Also commonly called the rainbow eucalyptus, Mindanao gum, or rainbow gum, this species is a genuine wonder of the plant kingdom.
Unveiling the Rainbow Tree
The Eucalyptus deglupta is distinguished by its remarkably colorful bark, which appears as if painted with broad strokes. Its outer bark peels away in strips, revealing an initial bright green layer underneath. As this newly exposed surface ages, it transforms through a striking spectrum of hues, including blue, purple, orange, red, and maroon. The continuous shedding process ensures that the trunk always displays a dynamic and ever-changing mosaic of colors. Different sections of the bark shed at various times, contributing to the tree’s distinctive, multi-colored appearance.
The Science of Striking Hues
The remarkable coloration of the rainbow eucalyptus bark results from a natural biological process. When older bark peels away, it exposes a fresh, bright green inner layer. This green color is due to chlorophyll in the newly revealed bark cells.
As this green bark is exposed to air and light, it undergoes oxidation, similar to how a cut apple turns brown. Over time, chemical compounds called tannins accumulate, and chlorophyll in the underlying tissue depletes. These changes cause the bark to gradually mature through a sequence of colors, transitioning from green to shades of blue, purple, orange, and eventually reddish-brown or maroon before the cycle repeats. The continuous, asynchronous shedding of bark patches across the trunk means various stages of this color transformation are visible simultaneously, creating the characteristic “rainbow” effect.
Where These Trees Thrive
The rainbow eucalyptus naturally thrives in specific tropical regions, primarily native to New Guinea, Indonesia, and the Philippines. It is the only eucalyptus species that extends its natural range into the Northern Hemisphere and typically inhabits lowland and lower montane rainforests. These trees flourish in environments characterized by high rainfall and consistent humidity, often growing from sea level up to elevations of approximately 1,800 meters (5,900 feet).
Known for its rapid growth, Eucalyptus deglupta can add 0.9 to 1.5 meters (3 to 5 feet) in height per year under optimal conditions. In its native habitat, it can reach heights of up to 60 to 76 meters (200 to 250 feet), though in cultivated settings, it typically grows to 30 to 38 meters (100 to 125 feet). Due to its specific requirements for a warm, frost-free climate and significant size, it is not suitable for typical residential gardens in temperate zones.