A rain barrel is an above-ground container connected to a residential downspout, collecting and storing rainwater that runs off a roof. This stored water is repurposed for use on the property, preventing it from flowing directly into the municipal storm system. Homeowners use rain barrels as a practical step toward sustainability, reducing reliance on treated public water sources. The primary motivations are conserving water resources and realizing savings on utility bills, especially during periods of high outdoor water consumption.
Calculating the Financial Return
Evaluating the financial worth of a rain barrel requires comparing the initial cost against potential water bill savings. A basic, ready-made plastic barrel typically costs $70 to $300, while a do-it-yourself system can cost $20 to $50. Ancillary equipment, such as a diverter kit to connect the barrel and manage overflow, may add $30 to $90.
The volume of water captured is significant in areas with regular rainfall. One inch of rain on a 1,000-square-foot roof section yields approximately 623 gallons. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that a rain barrel saves the average homeowner around 1,300 gallons annually, typically used for outdoor tasks. Since outdoor use accounts for 30% to 60% of consumption during summer, diverting rainwater translates to notable utility bill reductions. Savings can range from $30 to $60 per month during peak watering season, allowing the initial cost of a modest barrel to be recovered within a few seasons.
Practical Installation and Maintenance Reality
Installation requires specific steps to ensure stability and proper function. The barrel must be positioned on a stable, level base, often using concrete pavers or cinder blocks, to manage the immense weight; a standard 55-gallon barrel weighs over 450 pounds when full. Proper installation involves connecting a downspout diverter, which channels water into the barrel and automatically redirects excess flow back into the downspout when full. This prevents flooding near the foundation, which could cause structural damage.
Ongoing maintenance is necessary for efficient and safe operation. The most frequent task is preventing mosquito breeding by ensuring the barrel has a sealed lid and a fine mesh screen over all openings. Because stagnant water encourages algae and sediment buildup, the barrel should be drained and used frequently during the rainy season. Homeowners must also perform seasonal maintenance, disconnecting and draining the barrel completely before the first frost to prevent cracking from ice expansion.
Water Use Restrictions and Safety Concerns
The water collected in a residential rain barrel is non-potable and not safe for human or pet consumption. This water collects contaminants from the roof and gutters, including bird droppings, dust, and shingle material. It should only be used for non-drinking purposes, such as watering ornamental plants, flowers, and lawns, or washing cars and outdoor equipment.
Overflow management is a major safety consideration, as uncontrolled overflow can cause water to pool near the house. This pooling can damage the foundation and create an environment attractive to pests. The overflow pipe must safely discharge water at least six feet away from the foundation or into a designated drainage area, like a rain garden.
Before installation, homeowners must check local and state regulations, as water rights laws sometimes restrict residential rainwater harvesting. While most states permit rain barrels, some jurisdictions have specific limits on total storage capacity, sometimes restricting it to 110 gallons. Adhering to these local ordinances is necessary to avoid potential fines.