Pythons are often misunderstood reptiles, and a common question concerns whether they are poisonous or venomous. Pythons are neither poisonous nor venomous. These snakes belong to the family Pythonidae, which consists of non-venomous species found across Africa, Asia, and Australia. They do not produce or inject toxins, distinguishing them from snakes that pose a chemical threat.
Understanding “Poisonous” and “Venomous”
The distinction between “poisonous” and “venomous” lies in how toxins are delivered. Venomous animals inject toxins into prey or aggressors, typically through a bite or sting. Examples include vipers and cobras, which possess specialized fangs connected to venom glands. This allows them to deliver a potent dose that can rapidly incapacitate or kill.
In contrast, poisonous animals contain toxins within their bodies, harmful if ingested or absorbed through touch. A classic example is the poison dart frog, which secretes toxins through its skin as a defense mechanism. Pythons do not fit either category; they lack the physiological mechanisms to produce or deliver venom, and their tissues are not toxic if consumed. Their saliva contains digestive enzymes but is not considered toxic.
How Pythons Hunt and Defend
Pythons are constrictors, meaning they subdue prey by coiling their muscular bodies around it. After biting to secure a hold, the snake wraps around the animal, tightening its coils. This action leads to cessation of blood flow and breathing, primarily causing cardiac arrest rather than crushing bones. The snake can sense the prey’s heartbeat and maintains its grip until the heart stops.
Pythons are ambush predators, often waiting for prey to come within striking distance. They primarily consume mammals and birds, with smaller species targeting rodents and larger ones capable of subduing deer, wild pigs, or even small leopards. While powerful, pythons are not aggressive towards humans and only bite when threatened. Their sharp, backward-curving teeth are designed for gripping prey, not for injecting toxins.
Safety When Encountering Pythons
If you encounter a python in its natural habitat, maintaining a safe distance is paramount. Observe the snake from at least 20 feet away and avoid provoking it, such as by attempting to handle or approach. Pythons will move away if given space.
If a python is found in an unexpected or dangerous location, such as a residential area, contact local animal control or wildlife authorities. They have the expertise and equipment to safely remove the snake without harming the animal or people. While python bites are uncommon, they can occur if the snake feels cornered or threatened, and such bites, though non-venomous, should be cleaned to prevent infection.