Purslane often reappears yearly in gardens, leading to confusion about its life cycle. This widespread plant, characterized by its distinctive succulent leaves and reddish stems, frequently prompts questions about its nature. Understanding whether purslane is a temporary visitor or a permanent resident is key to managing its presence.
Is Purslane a Perennial?
Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is not a perennial plant; it is classified as a summer annual. An annual completes its entire life cycle—germination, growth, flowering, setting seed, and dying—within a single growing season.
Individual purslane plants emerge, mature, and perish within one year, typically succumbing to the first hard frost. While some ornamental varieties are short-lived perennials in warmer climates (USDA Zones 10-11), the common wild type does not survive winter. The plant’s consistent reappearance often leads to the misconception that it is a perennial.
Why Purslane Appears Year After Year
The persistent presence of purslane, despite its annual classification, is due to its exceptional seed production and spread. A single plant can generate 7,000 to over 240,000 resilient seeds.
These seeds remain viable in soil for decades, germinating in late spring when temperatures rise. Even uprooted plants can continue to mature and release seeds, and stem fragments can re-root, contributing to its widespread return.
Identifying Purslane and Its Uses
Purslane is easily recognized by its distinct features. It grows low, forming dense mats with smooth, reddish, succulent stems that can spread up to three feet. Its fleshy leaves are oval or paddle-shaped, green, and often clustered at stem joints. Small, yellow, five-petaled flowers bloom, usually opening only on hot, sunny days from mid-morning to early afternoon.
Purslane is also edible and nutritious. It is rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, containing more than many other leafy greens. It provides vitamins A and C, plus minerals like potassium, magnesium, and calcium. Its leaves and stems offer a slightly tart or salty taste, suitable for salads, soups, or as a cooked vegetable.
Managing Purslane in Your Landscape
Managing purslane involves either controlling its spread or cultivating it intentionally. For control, early intervention is effective: hand-pulling young plants before they produce seeds is a primary method. Remove pulled plants from the area, as even dislodged stems can re-root or continue to ripen seeds.
Applying a thick layer of mulch, at least three inches deep, can suppress seed germination by blocking light. If cultivating purslane, it thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. Regular harvesting of leaves and stems encourages new growth and prevents it from going to seed, ensuring a continuous supply of this nutritious plant.