Pothos (Epipremnum aureum), often called Devil’s Ivy, is a popular houseplant known for its hardiness and beauty. Despite its appeal, the plant is toxic to both humans and pets if any part is chewed or ingested. Because Pothos is so common, understanding the mechanism of its toxicity and how to respond to exposure is important for households with children or animals.
The Mechanism Behind Pothos Toxicity
The toxic potential of Pothos lies in the presence of microscopic structures called insoluble calcium oxalate crystals. These crystals are contained within the plant’s cells as needle-shaped bundles, scientifically known as raphides. When plant tissue (leaf, stem, or root) is chewed, the mechanical action breaks the cells and forcibly releases these sharp crystals.
The raphides penetrate the delicate mucous membranes of the mouth, throat, and digestive tract. This contact causes immediate, intense pain, a burning sensation, and rapid inflammation of the affected areas. Because the reaction is caused by localized irritation and physical injury, Pothos poisoning is generally not systemic. The immediate, painful response usually prevents the consumption of a large, life-threatening quantity.
Recognizing Symptoms of Exposure
Symptoms of Pothos exposure are localized to the mouth and gastrointestinal tract, causing immediate discomfort for humans and pets. Recognizing these signs quickly helps ensure prompt care.
Symptoms in Humans (Adults and Children)
Exposure immediately results in a burning sensation in the mouth, lips, and tongue. Swelling of the affected areas, including the lips, tongue, and throat, is a common symptom. This swelling can cause temporary difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
Other localized reactions include excessive drooling and irritation in the esophagus. While serious systemic effects are rare, the combination of pain and swelling mandates attention to ensure breathing or swallowing is not impaired. Contact with the sap can also cause mild dermatitis.
Symptoms in Common Household Pets (Cats and Dogs)
Pets are likely to chew on houseplants and exhibit distinct signs of toxicity. The most noticeable symptom is excessive salivation or drooling. Animals may also paw repeatedly at their mouth or face due to intense oral pain.
Gastrointestinal upset is common, manifesting as vomiting and sometimes diarrhea. The discomfort can cause behavioral changes, such as refusal to eat, lethargy, or agitation. While most cases are mild, rapid swelling of the throat in small animals is a rare but serious possibility requiring immediate veterinary intervention.
Emergency Response and Prevention
If accidental ingestion occurs, immediate action focuses on alleviating discomfort and preventing further irritation. For humans, rinse the mouth thoroughly with water to remove crystals and plant material. Offering small sips of milk or yogurt can soothe the burning irritation.
Contact the national Poison Control hotline (1-800-222-1222 in the U.S.) for guidance. If a pet is involved, remove plant material from their mouth and contact a veterinarian or animal poison control center immediately. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a medical professional.
Prevention is key to long-term safety. Pothos plants should be placed on high shelves, in hanging baskets, or in rooms inaccessible to pets and young children. Wearing gloves when pruning or handling the plant is advisable to prevent skin irritation from the sap.