Opossums, often simply called possums in North America, are frequently misunderstood creatures. Despite a common perception that they are aggressive or “mean,” these animals are generally shy and non-confrontational. Their unique appearance and defensive behaviors can lead to misinterpretations, but a closer look reveals a timid nature.
Understanding Possum Demeanor
Opossums are nocturnal and solitary animals, preferring to avoid human interaction. They are not inherently aggressive and typically move slowly. When threatened, an opossum’s first instinct is to flee. If escape is not an option, they may resort to defensive displays such as hissing, growling, or baring their teeth. These actions are bluffs, intended to scare away potential threats rather than engage in a fight.
A well-known defense mechanism of opossums is “playing possum,” a state of feigning death known scientifically as thanatosis. This is an involuntary physiological response to extreme fear or stress, similar to fainting in humans. During this state, the opossum will lie motionless, sometimes with eyes closed or staring blankly, and may even drool or release a foul-smelling fluid from its anal glands, mimicking decay to deter predators. This catatonic state can last from a few minutes to several hours, allowing the perceived threat to lose interest and depart.
Addressing Common Concerns
A misconception about opossums is their role in rabies transmission. While any mammal can contract rabies, it is extremely rare for opossums to carry the virus. Their lower body temperature, typically ranging from 94-97 degrees Fahrenheit, makes it difficult for the rabies virus to survive and thrive within their system. This physiological characteristic reduces their susceptibility compared to other wild animals.
Concerns about opossums posing a threat to pets are unfounded. Opossums are not predatory towards domestic animals and usually avoid confrontation. While a cornered opossum might bite in self-defense, attacks on pets are uncommon. Dogs are more likely to injure an opossum than the reverse, and cats and opossums often show mutual respect. Although opossums can carry parasites like fleas and ticks, the risk of serious disease transmission to humans or pets is low compared to other wildlife.
Living Peacefully with Possums
Coexisting with opossums is straightforward, given their non-aggressive nature and ecological benefits. If an opossum is encountered, leave it undisturbed and allow it space to move away. They are transient visitors in yards, staying only a few days before moving on.
To prevent unwanted visits, simple measures can be taken. Securing trash cans with tight-fitting lids and avoiding leaving pet food outdoors overnight can deter opossums, as they are opportunistic scavengers attracted to accessible food sources. Sealing potential entry points to homes or under decks can also prevent them from seeking shelter. Opossums contribute to the environment by consuming pests such as ticks, slugs, snails, and rodents, making them a beneficial presence in many ecosystems.