Poppies are diverse flowering plants, admired for their vibrant blooms. Many people wonder about their potential toxicity, as some varieties contain powerful compounds. While certain poppy species are harmless, others pose a significant health risk if ingested.
Poppy Varieties and Their Toxicity
The level of toxicity in poppies varies considerably by species. Papaver somniferum, the opium poppy, is highly toxic due to its potent alkaloid content. This species is the source of medicinal compounds and illicit drugs.
In contrast, common ornamental poppies like Papaver rhoeas (common poppy or corn poppy) and Papaver orientale (Oriental poppy) are generally less toxic. However, all parts of Papaver rhoeas contain alkaloids and could be poisonous if eaten in large quantities. All parts of the Oriental poppy are also considered poisonous if ingested.
Understanding Toxic Components
The poisonous nature of certain poppies stems from alkaloids. These naturally occurring chemical compounds are found in varying concentrations throughout the plant. Key examples include morphine, codeine, and thebaine, which are particularly abundant in Papaver somniferum.
These compounds are primarily concentrated in the milky sap, known as latex, found within the seed pods, stems, and leaves of the opium poppy. Poppy seeds themselves are generally safe for consumption and contain negligible amounts of opiates. However, they can become contaminated with trace amounts of alkaloids during harvesting or processing, potentially causing severe reactions if ingested in large quantities.
Recognizing Symptoms of Poisoning
Ingesting toxic poppy varieties, especially Papaver somniferum, can lead to a range of symptoms. Mild symptoms might include nausea, vomiting, and stomach upset. Lethargy and drowsiness can also occur.
More severe symptoms can manifest with larger doses or more toxic species. These may include confusion, slowed breathing (respiratory depression), and constricted pupils. In extreme cases, loss of consciousness, coma, seizures, and even cardiac arrest can occur. The onset of severe symptoms can be rapid, sometimes within hours of ingestion.
What To Do If Ingested
If a poppy, particularly a potentially toxic one, has been ingested, immediate action is necessary. It is important to contact a poison control center or emergency medical services without delay. The national, toll-free Poison Help line, 1-800-222-1222, connects callers to their local poison center.
Do not induce vomiting unless specifically instructed to do so by a medical professional. Practical prevention tips include educating children about the dangers of eating unknown plants. Keeping garden tools and plants out of reach of children and pets can also help prevent accidental ingestion. Identifying poppy varieties in your garden is also a beneficial measure.