Many people commonly believe pigs are hairless animals, often picturing them with smooth, pink skin. However, this is a misconception. Pigs are, in fact, covered in hair, which serves various purposes for their well-being. This hair, though sometimes sparse depending on the breed, is a natural and functional part of their anatomy.
The Truth About Pig Hair
Pigs possess a covering of hair across their bodies, generally known as bristles due to its coarse and stiff texture. While differing significantly from the soft fur of many other mammals, these bristles are a natural characteristic of most pig breeds. Even the seemingly “pink” pigs commonly associated with farming are not devoid of hair, though their bristles might be less noticeable.
The density and appearance of these bristles can vary. They are similar to human hair in composition rather than the dense fur of cats or dogs. This characteristic hair can be quite sharp, with some individuals noting it can feel like splinters. Pigs also undergo a process known as “blowing their coat,” where they shed a significant amount of this coarser hair, typically once a year, often in warmer months.
Functions of Pig Hair
The hair on a pig’s body serves several biological functions that contribute to its survival and comfort. One primary role is providing a layer of protection for the skin. These bristles act as a barrier, shielding the pig from environmental elements such as direct sunlight, which can cause sunburn, and from minor abrasions or scratches. They also offer defense against insects and parasites.
Pig hair also plays a role in temperature regulation, offering insulation against colder conditions. While pigs primarily manage heat by wallowing in mud, their hair provides a degree of warmth in cooler climates. Additionally, their hair can offer sensory input, allowing them to better perceive their surroundings through touch.
Hair Differences Across Pig Breeds
The characteristics of pig hair are not uniform across all breeds, leading to variations in appearance. Wild boars, the ancestors of domestic pigs, typically exhibit dense, coarse hair, providing robust protection in their natural habitats.
Domesticated pigs show a wider range of hair types due to centuries of selective breeding. Some breeds are notably hairier than others, challenging the “hairless” stereotype. The Mangalitsa pig, for instance, stands out with its thick, curly, wool-like coat, earning it the nickname “woolly pig.” Other breeds, like the Tamworth, also have thick and coarse hair, though they shed it in summer. In contrast, certain commercial breeds have been selectively bred for sparser or finer hair, making them appear less hairy. Even seemingly hairless varieties, such as some American Landrace, still possess fine, sparse hair, confirming that true hairlessness is an exception.