Periungual warts are a common type of skin growth that appear around the fingernails or toenails. They are caused by specific strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). While the term “dangerous” might imply severe health risks, these warts are generally benign, meaning they are non-cancerous. However, their location and potential for growth can lead to various problems and discomfort.
Understanding Periungual Warts
Periungual warts are skin growths caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They manifest as rough, thickened, cauliflower-like patches of skin that cluster around the nail plate. These warts can appear on both fingernails and toenails and may grow under or around the nail.
The virus is highly contagious and spreads through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated surfaces. HPV commonly enters the skin through small cuts or abrasions, which explains why habits like nail-biting can increase susceptibility. The virus thrives in warm, moist environments, making the skin around the nails an ideal site for infection.
Potential Complications
While not life-threatening, periungual warts can lead to various complications that affect comfort and nail health. They can cause pain and discomfort, especially when pressure is applied during daily activities or when wearing shoes if on the toes. The warts can also become painful if they grow large enough to tear the surrounding skin.
Periungual warts can significantly impact nail integrity and appearance. As they grow, they may push on the nail matrix, the area responsible for nail growth, which can result in nail deformity, ridges, thickening, or even partial or complete nail loss. In some cases, the wart infection can resemble onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the nail, and can increase the risk of developing secondary fungal infections due to compromised nail health.
Another potential issue is secondary bacterial infection. Warts can crack or bleed, creating openings for bacteria to enter the skin, which can lead to conditions like paronychia, an infection of the nail folds. The warts can also spread to other fingers or toes, a process known as autoinoculation. Unchecked growth can also interfere with fine motor skills or make wearing footwear difficult, impacting daily life.
When to Seek Professional Advice
It is advisable to consult a healthcare professional in several situations regarding periungual warts. If the warts are causing pain, bleeding, or rapidly spreading to other areas, medical attention is warranted. Similarly, if the warts are interfering with normal nail growth, causing significant nail damage, or if home treatments have proven ineffective after several months, a doctor can provide further guidance.
Individuals with a weakened immune system, such as those with certain illnesses or undergoing specific medications, should seek professional advice, as warts can pose higher risks and be more challenging to treat in these groups. If there is any uncertainty about the diagnosis, or if the growth changes in color or appearance, a healthcare provider can confirm whether it is indeed a wart or another skin condition.