Orthodontic spacers, also known as separators, are small elastic rings or metal springs temporarily placed between the back teeth, typically the molars. Their function is to gently push these tightly wedged teeth apart by a few millimeters. This small space is required so the orthodontist can comfortably fit metal bands, which serve as anchors for the braces system. The use of spacers is a common preliminary step in preparing the mouth for full orthodontic treatment, and understanding their function can help demystify concerns about their safety.
Understanding Expected Discomfort
The most common experience with orthodontic spacers is a feeling of generalized soreness or pressure. This discomfort begins shortly after placement as the separator starts exerting continuous, gentle force to shift the teeth apart. The sensation is often described as feeling like food is firmly stuck between the back teeth. This soreness is actually a sign that the device is working correctly by initiating the necessary tooth movement.
For most people, the most intense discomfort occurs within the first one to three days following placement. During this initial period, patients may notice temporary difficulty chewing, making it beneficial to stick to a diet of soft foods.
To manage this discomfort, over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen are often recommended. Rinsing the mouth several times a day with a warm saltwater solution can also help soothe irritated gums. The initial pressure subsides relatively quickly as the teeth create the necessary space, and the spacers will then feel much less noticeable.
Specific Risks and Rare Complications
While spacers are generally a safe and routine part of orthodontic preparation, a few specific risks and rare complications exist. One common concern is the possibility of swallowing a spacer if an elastic separator becomes dislodged during eating or sleeping. If swallowed, it is typically small and smooth enough to pass harmlessly through the digestive system.
A more concerning, though uncommon, complication involves the spacer moving too far below the contact point between the teeth. This can cause the elastic band to become deeply embedded in the gum tissue. The constant pressure and foreign material trapped below the gumline can lead to inflammation, infection, and bone loss around the affected tooth. An infection risk exists because the spacer can create an ideal environment for bacteria to accumulate.
Other rare issues include allergic reactions, most commonly associated with latex separators. Symptoms involve localized swelling, redness, or itching around the contact area. Additionally, if a spacer is incorrectly fitted or left in place for an excessive duration, it could contribute to minor damage or increased irritation to the teeth or gums.
Safety Measures and When to Contact the Orthodontist
Minimizing risks and ensuring the effectiveness of spacers involves adopting specific temporary care measures. The most important precaution is adhering to dietary restrictions, which means strictly avoiding sticky, chewy, or hard foods, such as caramel, gum, or crunchy nuts. These foods can easily pull the separator out or become lodged around it, potentially pushing it too deep into the gums.
Maintaining careful oral hygiene is also important; patients should continue to brush gently around the separators. Avoid flossing in the areas where the separators are placed, as the floss can accidentally dislodge the device.
If a spacer falls out a day or two before the scheduled appointment, it usually indicates that the required space has been created, but the orthodontist should still be notified. If a spacer falls out prematurely, especially more than a few days before the next appointment, contact the office immediately, as the space may close quickly, requiring replacement. Following these guidelines ensures that the temporary inconvenience of spacers leads successfully to the next stage of treatment.
More serious indicators that necessitate immediate contact include a spacer that appears to be completely submerged into the gums or any sign of infection. Signs of infection include severe, persistent pain, fever, or noticeable swelling and bleeding around the placement site.