Orchard spiders (Leucauge) are common arachnids. This article clarifies whether they are venomous and what effects their bites might have on humans.
Identifying Orchard Spiders
Orchard spiders are recognizable by their distinctive appearance and web-building habits. These small spiders typically measure between 3.5 to 7.5 millimeters in body length, with females generally larger than males. Their bodies exhibit a vibrant array of colors, often featuring a silvery or white abdomen with iridescent green, yellow, black, and reddish-orange markings. The legs are commonly green, though variations can include black, light brown, or orange bands at the joints.
The abdomen of an orchard spider is typically oval and elongated, distinguishing them from many other orb-weavers. They construct orb webs that are often oriented horizontally or at an angle. These webs, which can be about a foot in length, are frequently found in gardens, orchards, shrubby meadows, and along woodland edges, particularly in low vegetation and bushes. The spider typically rests upside down in the center of its web, waiting for prey.
Understanding Their Venom and Bites
Orchard spiders possess venom, primarily adapted for subduing insect prey. This venom poses a very low threat to humans. They are not considered medically significant or dangerous, making them harmless to coexist with.
Bites from orchard spiders are rare, typically occurring only if the spider feels threatened or is accidentally provoked. If a bite occurs, the effects are usually mild and localized, often compared to the discomfort of a bee sting. Symptoms may include minor pain, localized swelling, redness, or itching at the bite site. These reactions are generally short-lived and resolve without the need for medical intervention.
What to Do After an Orchard Spider Bite
If bitten by an orchard spider, immediate first aid can help alleviate discomfort. The bite area should be thoroughly cleaned with mild soap and water to reduce the risk of infection. Applying a cold compress or an ice pack to the affected area for about 15 minutes each hour can help minimize swelling and reduce pain. Elevating the bitten limb, if possible, may also aid in reducing swelling.
Over-the-counter pain relievers can be taken for pain, and antihistamines may help with itching or swelling. Medical attention is rarely necessary for an orchard spider bite. However, seek professional medical advice if symptoms worsen, persist, or if signs of infection develop, such as increased redness, swelling, or discharge from the bite site. Additionally, medical attention should be sought if an allergic reaction occurs, indicated by symptoms like difficulty breathing or severe swelling.