The term “oak snake” often arises in wildlife discussions, leading to questions about their danger. This informal designation refers to several non-venomous snake species typically found in oak-rich habitats like forests and wooded areas. Understanding these common snakes clarifies their presence in shared environments. This overview provides a clear perspective on “oak snakes” and their interactions with humans.
Understanding “Oak Snakes”
Snakes referred to as “oak snakes” are not a single species, but a group of non-venomous snakes common in wooded regions, including oak forests. Prominent among these are Rat Snakes, particularly the Pantherophis obsoletus complex, and Corn Snakes (Pantherophis guttatus). Kingsnakes (Lampropeltis spp.) are also sometimes included. These species are non-venomous.
Rat snakes can exceed 6 feet, exhibiting varied colors like grays, browns, or black with subtle blotches that blend with tree bark. Corn snakes, typically 3 to 5 feet, have vibrant orange or reddish-brown blotches edged in black, often with a checkerboard belly pattern. Both are adept climbers, found in trees or barns, where they prey on rodents, birds, and bird eggs, helping control pest populations. Their demeanor is docile; they tend to flee when approached, biting only if provoked.
Differentiating from Venomous Snakes
Identifying snakes can be challenging, but certain general characteristics help distinguish many non-venomous species from venomous ones in North America. Venomous pit vipers (e.g., rattlesnakes, copperheads) often have a triangular head, wider than their neck, accommodating venom glands. Non-venomous snakes typically have a rounded head, less distinct from their body. However, some non-venomous snakes flatten their heads when threatened, mimicking a triangular shape defensively.
Pupil shape is another cue: most venomous pit vipers have vertical, slit-like pupils, while many non-venomous snakes have round pupils. An exception is the venomous coral snake, which also has round pupils. Pit vipers also have heat-sensing loreal pits between their eye and nostril, which non-venomous snakes lack. Remember that these visual cues are general guidelines, not universally applicable, as some non-venomous species mimic venomous ones, and exceptions exist.
Encountering Any Snake
When encountering any snake, maintaining a safe distance is always recommended. Snakes generally prefer to avoid human interaction and will typically retreat if given the opportunity. Remaining calm and avoiding sudden movements prevents startling the snake, which could lead to a defensive reaction.
Never attempt to handle, provoke, or kill a snake, even if it appears harmless or dead. If a snake is in an undesirable location, such as a yard or home, it can be encouraged to move along by gently spraying it with water from a hose while keeping a safe distance. If the snake does not leave or is in a confined space, contacting local animal control or a professional wildlife removal service is the safest and most effective solution.
After a Non-Venomous Snake Bite
Although “oak snakes” are not venomous, a bite can occur if the snake feels threatened, and proper care is still necessary. If bitten by a non-venomous snake, the wound should be treated as a minor puncture. First, clean the bite area thoroughly with soap and water to remove any debris and reduce the risk of infection.
After cleaning, apply an antiseptic to the wound and cover it with a clean, dry bandage. It is important to monitor the bite site for any signs of infection, which may include increasing redness, swelling, warmth, pus, or persistent pain. While these bites are generally not dangerous, medical attention should be sought if the bite is deep, shows signs of infection, or if the individual has underlying health concerns.