The Northern Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus edwardsii) is a small, secretive reptile often encountered in gardens and wooded areas. Many people wonder if these snakes are dangerous, especially concerning whether they are “poisonous.” This article clarifies the nature of Northern Ringneck Snakes, detailing their characteristics and offering guidance on encounters.
Understanding Their Venom
Northern Ringneck Snakes are technically venomous, but their venom poses no medical threat to humans or pets. While often colloquially called ‘poisonous,’ the correct scientific term for snake toxins is ‘venomous,’ referring to toxins injected through a bite, unlike ‘poisonous’ substances that cause harm when ingested or touched. These snakes possess a mild venom produced in a Duvernoy’s gland, located behind their eyes, which drains near their rear maxillary teeth.
The Northern Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus edwardsii) is fangless, though most other ringneck snakes are rear-fanged. Their venom is designed to subdue small prey like salamanders, slugs, and earthworms, not to harm larger animals or humans. Bites to humans are extremely rare and, even if they occur, typically result in no more than mild bleeding, swelling, or bruising, comparable to a bee sting.
Identifying a Northern Ringneck Snake
Northern Ringneck Snakes are small and slender, typically 10 to 15 inches long, though some reach up to 27.5 inches. Their body color is a uniform dark gray, bluish-black, or olive, with smooth scales. The most distinguishing feature is the bright yellow, orange, or cream-colored ring around their neck, which is usually complete.
They have a vivid yellow or orange belly, which may have black spots. These snakes prefer moist, shady woodlands, often found under rocks, logs, leaf litter, or other debris in various habitats, including gardens and old fields.
What to Do if You Encounter One
Northern Ringneck Snakes are shy, secretive, and non-aggressive. They spend most of their time hidden under cover and are rarely seen during the day. If you encounter one, the best course is to observe it from a distance and leave it undisturbed. These snakes are not inclined to bite humans.
Their primary defense mechanisms include coiling their tail to expose their brightly colored belly, releasing a foul-smelling musk from their anal glands, or attempting to burrow away quickly. Northern Ringneck Snakes play a beneficial role in the ecosystem by consuming slugs and insects, helping to control pest populations.