Night sweats, characterized by excessive perspiration during sleep that often drenches clothes and bedding, are a common experience that can disrupt rest. While many factors can contribute to these episodes, ranging from a warm sleeping environment to certain medications, there is growing public interest in their potential link to various illnesses, including COVID-19. This article explores the connection between night sweats and COVID-19, the physiological mechanisms behind them, and when to seek medical guidance.
Night Sweats and COVID-19
Night sweats can be a symptom of COVID-19. They have been reported, particularly with variants such as Omicron and Delta, with some studies indicating that over 40% of patients experienced heavy perspiration after infection. These episodes can occur as an early symptom, sometimes even before a fever develops, and may also persist for months after the acute infection has resolved, a phenomenon observed in long COVID.
The prevalence of night sweats in COVID-19 patients varies. One study found night sweats were reported by 38.4% of respondents, making them a common sleep difficulty after COVID-19 infection. Another international cohort study noted that 25% of 3,762 participants with long COVID experienced night sweats without a prior history of the condition. While they can be a notable sign, night sweats are not considered a universal or defining symptom of COVID-19, unlike more frequently cited symptoms such as fever, cough, or fatigue.
Why Night Sweats Occur
Night sweats in the context of viral infections like COVID-19 are primarily a result of the body’s immune response. When fighting a virus, the immune system releases chemicals called cytokines, which can trigger an inflammatory response and increase metabolic activity. This process generates heat, leading to an elevated body temperature and fever during the day.
During sleep, the body’s temperature regulation fluctuates. As the body attempts to cool down from the elevated temperature caused by the infection, sweat glands become more active, resulting in excessive perspiration. This is distinct from general daytime sweating, which might be a response to physical activity or environmental heat. The body’s effort to combat the virus, coupled with changes in thermoregulation during nighttime hours, contributes to these uncomfortable episodes.
When to Seek Medical Attention
If an individual experiences night sweats, particularly in the context of suspected COVID-19, it is prudent to consider contacting a healthcare professional. While night sweats often resolve on their own as the infection clears, certain signs warrant medical advice. These include night sweats that are frequent, severe enough to disrupt sleep, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms.
Additional symptoms that should prompt medical consultation include a very high temperature, persistent cough, unexplained weight loss, or difficulty breathing. Seeking professional guidance helps in determining the underlying cause and ensures appropriate management. It is always advisable to consult a doctor if there are concerns about symptoms or if night sweats persist for more than a few weeks after other symptoms have resolved.