Asian Giant Hornets (Vespa mandarinia), commonly known as “murder hornets,” have captured public attention due to their imposing size and potential impact. Concerns about their possible spread across North America have led many, especially in Michigan, to seek accurate information about their presence and potential threats.
Are Asian Giant Hornets Present in Michigan?
As of current information, there have been no confirmed sightings or established populations of Asian Giant Hornets in Michigan. Historically, confirmed sightings of Vespa mandarinia in North America were limited to specific areas in the Pacific Northwest, namely Washington state, and British Columbia, Canada. Notably, the Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) officially declared Vespa mandarinia eradicated from Washington and the entire United States in December 2024, following three consecutive years without confirmed detections. Experts have indicated that it would likely take decades, if ever, for these hornets to naturally spread to the Midwest, including Michigan. This declaration aims to alleviate public apprehension and highlights the success of early detection and eradication programs.
Understanding Asian Giant Hornets
Asian Giant Hornets are the world’s largest hornet species. Queens exceed 50 millimeters (about 2 inches) in body length, and workers typically range from 35 to 40 millimeters, with a wingspan around 75 millimeters (3 inches). These insects feature a distinctive appearance, characterized by a large orange or yellow head, dark brown or black thorax, and a yellow and black striped abdomen.
The common name “murder hornet” stems from their predatory behavior, particularly their ability to decimate honey bee colonies. They primarily feed on other insects, preferring honey bees. A small group of these hornets can eliminate an entire honey bee hive within hours by decapitating the bees. Unlike their Asian counterparts, European honey bees, which are prevalent in North America, lack natural defenses against this formidable predator.
Reporting Suspected Sightings
Although Asian Giant Hornets have been declared eradicated from the U.S., vigilance remains important for all invasive species. If a Michigan resident believes they have spotted an Asian Giant Hornet, do not approach or handle the insect. Instead, safely gather information like the exact location and date of the sighting. If safe, a photograph or video can greatly assist identification.
Reports can be directed to relevant state agencies such as the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) or Michigan State University (MSU) Extension. The Midwest Invasive Species Information Network (MISIN) online reporting tool or its smartphone application is also effective for submitting observations.