Public concern has grown around the insect commonly known as the “murder hornet.” This large insect has captured attention due to its imposing size and potential impact on other insect populations. This article provides factual details to clarify whether these insects pose a threat in local areas.
Understanding the Asian Giant Hornet
The Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia) is the insect commonly known as the “murder hornet.” It is the world’s largest hornet species, typically measuring 3.5 to 5 centimeters (1.5 to 2 inches) in length. These hornets possess a distinctive appearance, featuring a large, broad orange or yellow head, prominent dark eyes, and a black thorax. Their abdomen displays a pattern of black and orange-yellow stripes, with the final segment often uniformly yellow.
Native to East Asia, South Asia, and parts of the Russian Far East, Vespa mandarinia earned its nickname due to its predatory behavior. They are known for their ability to decimate honeybee colonies, often by launching coordinated attacks that can wipe out a hive in a few hours. While their stings are painful and contain potent venom, posing a health risk to humans, fatalities are rare and usually associated with allergic reactions or multiple stings. The Entomological Society of America has since adopted the common name “northern giant hornet” to replace the previous terms.
Current Status in Florida
Despite public concern, there is no confirmed evidence of Asian giant hornets in Florida. The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), in collaboration with the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), states that Vespa mandarinia is not present in the state. Florida officials have investigated suspected sightings and determined them to be misidentifications of native insect species.
Asian giant hornets were first detected in North America in British Columbia, Canada, in 2019, with subsequent sightings in Washington state later that year. Washington was the only U.S. state where confirmed sightings occurred. Significant efforts were undertaken to monitor and eradicate the species in that region. As of December 2024, the Asian giant hornet has been declared completely eradicated from the United States.
Reporting and Safety Guidelines
If an individual believes they have encountered an Asian giant hornet in Florida, report the sighting to the appropriate authorities. The Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) Division of Plant Industry is the correct agency to contact. Reports can be submitted via email to [email protected] or by calling 1-888-397-1517.
When reporting, it is helpful to provide as much detail as possible about the location and characteristics of the insect. Including clear photographic evidence, if it can be obtained safely, greatly assists in identification. Avoid attempting to capture or kill the insect due to potential danger and misidentification risk. Many native Florida insects, such as cicada killers, yellow jackets, and bald-faced hornets, are large and can be mistaken for the Asian giant hornet. These look-alikes are common in Florida and pose less threat.