A mucous cyst is a common, benign fluid-filled sac that can develop in various parts of the body. While often harmless, these cysts can sometimes cause discomfort or concern.
Understanding Mucous Cysts
Mucous cysts appear on the lips, inside the mouth, or on the fingers and toes. In the mouth, they are often called mucoceles, commonly found on the lower lip, inner cheeks, tongue, gums, or floor of the mouth. These oral cysts are smooth, rounded lesions that can be clear, bluish, or pink, ranging from a few millimeters up to 1-2 centimeters. Digital mucous cysts, also known as myxoid cysts, appear near finger or toe joints, often close to the nail. They are skin-colored or translucent, smooth, and shiny, typically 5-10 millimeters in diameter.
Mucous cysts form differently based on their location. Oral cysts result from trauma to the oral cavity, such as lip or cheek biting, piercings, or accidental salivary gland rupture. This trauma can damage or block a salivary gland duct, causing mucus or saliva to accumulate. Digital mucous cysts form as an extension of a joint or are associated with joint degeneration, particularly osteoarthritis. Fluid from finger or toe joints can escape through small holes, leading to their development.
Are Mucous Cysts Contagious?
Mucous cysts are not contagious. They are not caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other infectious agents that spread from person to person. Their development stems from physical reasons, including trauma, blockages, or degenerative processes within the body.
Unlike infectious skin conditions like warts, which are caused by viruses and transmit through direct contact, mucous cysts form as an internal bodily response to injury or underlying physiological conditions, not external pathogens. There is no risk of transmitting a mucous cyst through physical contact or sharing personal items.
When to Seek Medical Attention and Treatment
Many mucous cysts are benign and may resolve on their own, but it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for diagnosis. A doctor can confirm the cyst’s nature and rule out more serious conditions. Medical attention is needed if the cyst causes pain, grows rapidly, interferes with functions like chewing or talking, or shows signs of infection such as redness, warmth, or increased tenderness.
Diagnosis involves a physical examination, where the healthcare provider assesses the cyst’s appearance and history. Imaging tests like ultrasound or a biopsy may be performed to confirm diagnosis or evaluate underlying issues, especially for larger or atypical cysts.
Treatment for mucous cysts varies based on their location, size, and symptoms. Smaller, asymptomatic cysts may be observed, as they can sometimes rupture and heal spontaneously. For persistent, symptomatic, or recurrent cysts, treatment options include cryotherapy (freezing the cyst) or laser removal. Surgical excision, where the cyst and sometimes associated gland or bone spurs are removed, is considered for larger or frequently recurring cysts. Avoid attempting to drain or pop the cyst at home, as this can lead to infection or scarring.