While the primary symptoms of COVID-19 are often respiratory, other manifestations have been observed in some individuals. Understanding these reported symptoms can help in navigating health concerns.
COVID-19 and Mouth Sores
Mouth sores have been reported in some individuals with COVID-19, though they are not a primary symptom. These oral manifestations can vary in appearance, including canker sore-like lesions, blister-like formations, or rash-like patterns. They have been observed in various locations within the mouth, such as the tongue, gums, inner cheeks, and the roof of the mouth.
Oral ulcers are present in a smaller percentage of COVID-19 patients. These sores can sometimes precede other COVID-19 symptoms or emerge weeks after initial onset. While the exact reasons for these oral lesions are still being investigated, hypotheses include a direct effect of the virus on oral tissues, an inflammatory immune response, or side effects from medications. Some studies suggest the virus might directly infect cells in the mouth via ACE2 receptors.
Common Causes of Mouth Sores
Mouth sores are common and do not automatically indicate a COVID-19 infection. Many non-viral factors can cause these lesions. Physical trauma, such as biting the cheek, irritation from dental appliances, or sharp foods, often leads to sores.
Canker sores are a common type of mouth sore, often appearing as small, shallow lesions with a white or yellow center and a red border. Viral infections (e.g., herpes simplex, hand, foot, and mouth disease) can cause oral lesions. Bacterial or fungal infections, such as oral thrush, can also lead to sores or white patches.
Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in iron, B vitamins, or folate, are another cause for recurrent mouth sores. Allergic reactions to certain foods, dental products, or some medications can cause oral lesions. Underlying medical conditions, including autoimmune disorders or inflammatory bowel disease, can also cause mouth sores.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many mouth sores resolve on their own within one to two weeks, medical attention is advisable in specific situations. If mouth sores appear alongside common COVID-19 symptoms like fever, persistent cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, or loss of taste or smell, consider COVID-19 testing.
Medical evaluation is recommended if mouth sores are unusually large, severe, or cause significant pain that interferes with eating or drinking. Sores that persist for longer than two weeks, recur frequently, or show signs of infection like increased redness, swelling, or pus, warrant a visit to a healthcare provider. Individuals with weakened immune systems should also seek prompt medical advice for any new or persistent mouth sores. Consulting a doctor ensures proper diagnosis and guidance, regardless of the underlying cause of the oral lesions.