The presence of mountain lions in Missouri is a frequent topic of public discussion. Despite anecdotal reports, the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) clarifies the official situation regarding these large cats within the state.
Current Status and Official Data
The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) maintains there is no evidence of a breeding mountain lion population within Missouri. Instead, confirmed mountain lions are typically transient individuals, often young males, dispersing from established populations in western states. Since 1994, the MDC has confirmed over 100 mountain lion sightings, averaging around eight per year since the mid-2000s.
Confirmations are based on verifiable physical evidence, including photographic evidence from trail cameras, DNA analysis from hair or scat samples, examination of tracks, or carcass examination. For instance, a mountain lion confirmed in Shannon County was identified through genetic material near an elk carcass, with trail camera images further supporting its presence. The MDC’s Large Carnivore Response Team investigates reports, requiring substantial physical evidence for official confirmation.
Historical Presence and Dispersal
Mountain lions, also known as cougars, pumas, or panthers, were historically common across Missouri before European settlement. They were largely extirpated from the state during the 19th and early 20th centuries due to widespread hunting and reduction of their primary prey, deer. The last known native wild mountain lion in Missouri was killed in 1927.
Despite their historical absence, mountain lions have a natural dispersal behavior, particularly among young males. These sub-adult males often leave their birth areas to find new territories, traveling hundreds of miles in search of suitable habitat and mates. DNA analysis of confirmed individuals in Missouri often indicates their origin from western states, such as the Black Hills of South Dakota or Wyoming. These dispersing animals are typically passing through the state.
Interpreting Reported Sightings
The Missouri Department of Conservation frequently receives reports of mountain lion sightings from the public. However, a significant majority do not result in official confirmation. The MDC’s Large Carnivore Response Team investigates these sightings, but many are found to be misidentifications.
Common misidentifications include bobcats, large domestic cats, coyotes, or even dogs, which can be mistaken for mountain lions, especially in poor lighting or from a distance. Bobcats, for instance, are smaller and have short tails, unlike the long, heavy tail of a mountain lion. Without concrete evidence, a reported sighting remains unconfirmed.