Mountain lion sightings in Alabama frequently spark public discussion and curiosity. Despite numerous reports, the presence of a self-sustaining population of these large cats remains a topic of ongoing interest. This often leads to questions about the official stance on their existence within Alabama’s diverse ecosystems.
The Official Answer
The Alabama Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries Division (AWFFD) maintains that there is no known breeding population of mountain lions, also known as cougars or pumas, currently residing in Alabama. Mountain lions were likely extirpated from Alabama in the mid-1800s, meaning the native populations were eliminated from the state. The last confirmed mountain lion in Alabama was reportedly killed in St. Clair County in 1948, although some sources cite a 1956 confirmation in Tuscaloosa County.
While no established population exists, occasional sightings might involve transient individuals. These are typically young male mountain lions dispersing from other states, such as western Texas or southwestern Florida. Such occurrences are extremely rare. The AWFFD’s official stance is based on a lack of verifiable evidence, despite regular public reports.
Why Sightings Are Reported
Many reported mountain lion sightings in Alabama are often cases of misidentification. Several common animals native to the state share characteristics that can lead to confusion, especially when seen briefly or under poor lighting. Bobcats are frequently mistaken for mountain lions. While bobcats are much smaller (15-35 pounds) compared to mountain lions (65-265 pounds), their elusive nature makes size difficult to judge from a quick glimpse. Bobcats also have a short, 4- to 8-inch tail and a spotted coat, distinguishing them from a mountain lion’s long, thick tail and solid sandy brown to tawny gray coat.
Other animals commonly misidentified include coyotes, large domestic cats, and certain dog breeds. Coyotes are significantly smaller than mountain lions (15-45 pounds) but can be confused from a distance. Feral cats can also be mistaken for cougars, especially in photos where their size relative to background objects is unclear. Poor lighting, brief encounters, and local folklore can contribute to misidentifications.
What to Do With Potential Sightings
If you believe you have seen a mountain lion or found evidence of one in Alabama, gathering verifiable proof is important for official investigation. This evidence can include clear photographs or videos of the animal itself. Physical signs such as distinct tracks, scat (droppings), or kill sites also provide valuable information for wildlife biologists. For tracks, ensure clear photos that include a ruler or common object for scale.
Once evidence is collected, reports should be submitted to the Alabama Wildlife and Freshwater Fisheries Division (AWFFD). You can contact their Wildlife Section at (334) 242-3469, or the general ADCNR number (334) 242-3465. Provide specific details such as the date, time, and precise location of the sighting, along with a thorough description of the animal or evidence. If you encounter a large, unidentified wild cat, remain calm and avoid approaching the animal. Do not run, as this might trigger a chase instinct; instead, make yourself appear as large as possible by waving your arms and speaking firmly, then slowly back away while maintaining eye contact.