Mountain lions are present in Arizona, thriving as a native species within the state’s diverse landscapes. These large, solitary cats are an integral part of Arizona’s wildlife, inhabiting regions from deserts to forested mountains. Their presence is a natural aspect of the ecosystem, and understanding their habits contributes to safe coexistence.
Mountain Lion Presence in Arizona
Mountain lions are widely distributed across Arizona, occupying a broad range of habitats. They are commonly found in mountainous terrain, canyons, and areas with dense vegetation and sufficient prey. The Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD) manages mountain lion populations, which are spread throughout approximately 63% of the state. Their distribution extends across Arizona, largely excluding only urbanized centers and extremely arid desert regions.
The AZGFD estimates the statewide population of subadult and adult mountain lions to be between 1,166 and 1,715. Including kittens, the total population is estimated to be between 1,848 and 4,661. The species is not considered endangered in Arizona; their populations are stable to increasing in many areas, aligning with broader continental trends. Human-mountain lion interactions have increased due to urban development expanding into their habitat and increased outdoor recreational activities.
Identifying Arizona Mountain Lions
Arizona mountain lions, also known as cougars or pumas, have distinct physical characteristics. Adults typically measure between 5.5 to over 8 feet long, including their tail, and can weigh from 75 to 150 pounds, with males generally larger than females. Their coats are typically tan or reddish-brown, often with a lighter, cream-colored underside. Adults do not have spots. Their tail, approximately two-thirds of their body length with a dark tip, helps them maintain balance.
Beyond direct sightings, their presence can be identified through various signs. Mountain lion tracks are typically 3 to 5 inches wide and lack visible claw marks, unlike dog or coyote tracks. Their scat, or droppings, is often cylindrical, segmented, and dense, frequently containing fur and bone fragments. Other indications of their activity include scratch marks on trees and partially covered prey, known as cached kills.
Understanding Mountain Lion Behavior
Mountain lions are largely solitary animals, preferring to live alone except when females are raising kittens or during breeding. They are primarily crepuscular, most active during dawn and dusk, though they also hunt at night. This activity pattern aligns with the habits of their primary prey. Mountain lions are ambush predators, relying on stealth and surprise to capture food.
Their diet consists mainly of deer, including whitetail and mule deer, which are prevalent in Arizona. They also prey on javelina, bighorn sheep, elk, and smaller mammals like rabbits. As apex predators, mountain lions help maintain prey population health by often targeting sick or older individuals. They maintain extensive home ranges, varying from 10 to 150 square miles, which they defend from other mountain lions.
Safety Measures for Encounters
When in areas where mountain lions reside, preventative measures can reduce the likelihood of an encounter. It is advisable to hike in groups, make noise on trails, and keep children and pets close and supervised. Securing pet food and garbage can prevent attracting prey, which might draw mountain lions closer to residential areas. Trimming dense, low-lying vegetation around homes can also minimize potential hiding spots.
Should an encounter occur, maintaining a calm demeanor is important. Never run from a mountain lion, as this can trigger their chase instinct. Instead, face the animal, make direct eye contact, and attempt to appear larger by raising your arms or opening your jacket. Make loud, firm noises such as yelling or clapping. If the mountain lion does not retreat and an attack occurs, fight back with any available objects, focusing on protecting your head and neck. Any sightings in urban areas or aggressive behavior should be reported to the Arizona Game and Fish Department.