Arizona is not home to true mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), despite the common use of the term. While “mountain goat” is often used broadly, the state hosts a distinct and iconic mountain-dwelling ungulate that thrives in its rugged landscapes.
Understanding Arizona’s “Mountain Goats”
The common misconception stems from a resemblance in habitat, but true mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) and Arizona’s native Desert Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni) are different species. True mountain goats are found in northern North America, including parts of the US and Canada. They are recognizable by their shaggy white coats, a bearded chin, and short, pointed black horns that curve slightly backward. Their hooves are adapted for gripping icy and rocky terrain, allowing them to navigate steep cliffs.
In contrast, the Desert Bighorn Sheep, found in Arizona, has adapted to arid mountain environments. These animals have tan or brown coats, which help them blend into the desert landscape. A key distinguishing feature is their horns: males, known as rams, possess large, curled horns that can be quite massive, while females, or ewes, have smaller, less curved horns. Unlike true mountain goats, Desert Bighorn Sheep do not have a prominent beard.
Where to Find Bighorn Sheep in Arizona
Desert Bighorn Sheep inhabit rugged, rocky, and steep desert mountain ranges and canyonlands across Arizona. They thrive in these arid environments, as they can go for extended periods without drinking water, obtaining moisture from the plants they consume. However, access to water sources remains important for their survival, especially during hot weather.
Populations can be found in several key areas across the state. The Kofa Mountains, within the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge, were established in part to protect these sheep and remain a prominent habitat. Similarly, the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge also conserves desert bighorn sheep and their habitat in southwestern Arizona. Grand Canyon National Park also hosts a large population of Desert Bighorn Sheep, where they are often seen navigating the steep cliffs and rocky slopes. Other isolated desert ranges throughout the state also provide suitable habitats.
Conservation and Responsible Viewing
The Desert Bighorn Sheep in Arizona have faced historical declines, primarily due to factors like disease from domestic livestock, habitat loss, and unregulated hunting. Conservation efforts by organizations like the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AZGFD) have aided their recovery and management. These efforts include habitat preservation, the development of water sources, and translocation programs to reintroduce sheep into former habitats or augment existing populations.
For those hoping to observe these animals, responsible viewing practices are important. It is recommended to observe Desert Bighorn Sheep from a safe distance, using binoculars or zoom lenses for a closer look, and to avoid disturbing their natural behaviors. Staying on designated trails and respecting quiet zones also helps minimize human impact on their habitats. Following these guidelines helps protect these animals and their environment.