Moray eels are a group of marine fish, recognized by their snake-like bodies and striking patterns. With approximately 200 species found across tropical and subtropical oceans, they exhibit a wide range of sizes and colors. They inhabit rocky crevices and coral reefs, leading some to perceive them as dangerous or aggressive. This perception often stems from their appearance, including their sharp teeth and constant mouth movements.
Understanding Moray Eel Behavior
Moray eels are reclusive, preferring to remain hidden within caves and rock formations during the day. Most species are nocturnal, emerging at night to hunt for prey. They are ambush predators, lying in wait to capture smaller fish, crustaceans, and octopuses. Their elongated, scaleless bodies, which can range from 6 inches to over 12 feet, allow them to navigate tight spaces within their habitats.
Moray eels possess poor eyesight, relying instead on a highly developed sense of smell to locate food and navigate their environment. The constant opening and closing of their mouths is a necessary action for respiration, allowing them to pump water over their gills. Moray eels are not aggressive towards humans and prefer to avoid confrontation.
Why Bites Occur
Moray eel bites almost always result from provocation or accidental encounters. Individuals may be bitten if they intentionally harass an eel or disturb its hiding spot by reaching into dark crevices. Accidental bites can occur during hand-feeding attempts, as the eel’s poor eyesight can lead it to mistake fingers for food.
When a moray eel feels threatened, trapped, or cornered, it may react defensively by biting. Their bites are painful, causing deep puncture wounds or lacerations due to their sharp, backward-pointing teeth. Some species also possess a second set of pharyngeal jaws that help them grasp and pull prey into their throats. While moray eels are not venomous, their mouths contain bacteria and their skin mucus may contain toxins, increasing the risk of infection.
Safety and Prevention
Maintaining a respectful distance from moray eels is a primary safety measure. Divers and snorkelers should avoid reaching into underwater crevices or holes where these eels might be hiding. Never attempt to hand-feed moray eels is important, as this can easily lead to accidental bites. Avoiding any actions that might startle or harass them further minimizes the risk of a defensive reaction.
If a moray eel bite occurs, prompt action is advisable to reduce complications. Clean the wound immediately with soap and water to remove bacteria and reduce the risk of infection. Apply pressure to stop any bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing. Seeking medical attention is recommended, as deeper bites may require stitches, and antibiotics or a tetanus shot might be necessary to prevent serious infections like septicemia.