Moose are present in Michigan, particularly within its northern reaches. These large mammals are a notable part of Michigan’s diverse wildlife, especially in the Upper Peninsula. Understanding their distribution, population status, and characteristics helps appreciate their role in the state’s environment.
Where Moose Reside
Moose primarily reside in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, where suitable habitat exists. The largest concentration is found in the western U.P. within Marquette, Baraga, and Iron counties, encompassing a core range of about 1,400 square miles. Smaller populations also exist in the eastern U.P., spanning Alger, Schoolcraft, Luce, and Chippewa counties, as well as on Isle Royale National Park.
Their preferred habitats include boreal forests, cedar swamps, marshes, and alder-willow thickets, often found near lakes, rivers, or streams. These environments provide both the necessary cover and abundant food sources. Luce County, for instance, is known for its extensive public access lands and significant water bodies, making it a suitable area for moose sightings.
Moose Population Status
The most recent survey in 2023 estimated the western Upper Peninsula moose population at approximately 426 individuals, with a possible range between 334 and 518. The eastern U.P. is believed to support fewer than 100 moose. While the population grew steadily from 1997 to 2007, growth has slowed to less than one percent annually since 2009, falling short of the initial goal of 1,000 animals.
Moose were historically widespread in Michigan but declined by the late 1800s due to habitat loss, unregulated hunting, and brainworm disease. A successful “Moose Lift” in the mid-1980s transported 59 moose from Ontario, Canada, to Michigan’s western U.P., re-establishing the population.
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) conducts biennial aerial surveys to monitor the population. The DNR has initiated new research, including tracking and biological sampling, to understand the recent growth stagnation. Currently, no general hunting season for moose is permitted in Michigan due to the population’s modest size.
Moose Characteristics and Habitat
Moose are the largest members of the deer family, reaching lengths of 6.5 to 9 feet and weighing between 725 and 1,100 pounds. Male moose, known as bulls, develop large antlers that can span up to 6 feet wide, which they shed and regrow each year.
As herbivores, moose consume a significant amount of vegetation, approximately 40 to 70 pounds daily. Their diet primarily consists of young leaves and twigs from trees like aspen, birch, and maple during spring and summer. They also seek out aquatic vegetation such as water lilies and horsetails in warmer months to supplement their diet with sodium and minerals.
Moose thrive in northern forest environments and prefer colder climates, as they cannot tolerate prolonged exposure to temperatures above 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Their thick fur provides insulation during cold winters, and their wide hooves function like natural snowshoes, aiding movement in deep snow. Ideal Michigan habitats include mixed forested areas with wetland complexes, which provide both shelter and a consistent food supply.
Interacting with Michigan Moose
When observing moose in Michigan, it is important to maintain a safe distance, ideally at least 50 feet, to avoid disturbing them. Approaching or attempting to feed these wild animals can lead to unpredictable and potentially dangerous encounters. Moose are often most active during dawn and dusk, offering prime viewing opportunities.
If an encounter occurs, remain calm, speak softly, and slowly back away. Watch for signs of agitation, such as laid-back ears, raised hair on their hump, grunting, or stomping their feet. These behaviors indicate a moose feels threatened and may charge.
If a moose charges, run and seek cover behind a solid object like a large tree or vehicle. If knocked down, curl into a ball, protect your head, and remain still until the moose departs. Keeping dogs leashed is also important, as moose often perceive dogs as predators and may become aggressive. Vehicle collisions with moose are another significant risk in moose habitat areas.