Moose and elk are prominent members of the deer family, Cervidae, often prompting questions about their comparative sizes. Understanding their distinct characteristics clarifies which species is larger and heavier.
Moose Versus Elk: A Size Showdown
Moose are the largest members of the deer family. An adult male moose, or bull, typically stands 5 to 7 feet (1.5 to 2.1 meters) tall at the shoulder and can weigh 794 to 1,323 pounds (360 to 600 kilograms). Larger Alaskan bulls can exceed 7 feet in height and weigh over 1,540 pounds (700 kilograms). Their body length ranges from 7.5 to over 10 feet (2.3 to 3.1 meters).
Elk are the second largest deer species. A bull elk generally measures 4.5 to 5 feet (1.3 to 1.5 meters) at the shoulder and weighs 700 to 1,100 pounds (320 to 500 kilograms). Some Roosevelt elk can weigh up to 1,300 pounds (590 kilograms). Elk body length extends from 5.3 to 8.9 feet (1.6 to 2.7 meters). Clearly, moose are larger and heavier than elk across all metrics.
Beyond Size: Distinctive Physical Traits
Moose and elk also have distinct physical features, especially their antlers and body shapes. Male moose grow massive, broad, palmate antlers that can span up to 6 feet across. Moose also have a noticeable shoulder hump, long front legs, a pendulous muzzle, and a “bell” under their chin. Their fur typically ranges from dark brown to dusky black.
Elk feature large, branching antlers with multiple tines, which can exceed 5 feet in length and weigh up to 40 pounds. Elk have a more streamlined body compared to the moose’s humped silhouette. They often display a light beige rump patch contrasting with darker legs and neck. Their body coloration shifts seasonally, and both species shed and regrow their antlers annually.
Habitat and Behavior Differences
Moose and elk also differ in habitat and social behaviors. Moose are found in boreal and mixed forests, wetlands, and near water bodies, preferring cooler climates. They are primarily browsers, eating leaves, twigs, and aquatic vegetation. Moose are largely solitary, with strong bonds between a mother and calf. Though generally placid, they can become aggressive if provoked, especially cows with calves or bulls during mating season.
Elk are highly social, typically living in herds. They favor open forests, grasslands, and mountainous regions, often migrating seasonally. Elk are primarily grazers, feeding on grasses and sedges, but also browse other vegetation. During mating season, bull elk form harems and use bugling calls and antler wrestling to assert dominance.