Moose and bison are two of North America’s most imposing terrestrial mammals. Both species command respect in their natural habitats, possessing distinct physical attributes that set them apart. This article explores their dimensions and unique characteristics to provide a clearer understanding of their differences.
Which Animal is Larger?
When considering overall size, the moose generally holds the title as the taller animal, frequently exceeding the bison in shoulder height. Moose are also recognized as the largest extant species within the deer family. While individual variations exist, a moose often appears imposing due to its long legs and towering stature. Despite the moose’s height advantage, the American bison typically outweighs the moose, making it the heavier and more robust of the two. This difference in mass contributes to the bison’s powerful and bulky appearance.
Understanding Moose Size
Moose are known for their impressive dimensions and unique physical build. An adult male moose, often called a bull, can stand on average 6 to 7 feet (1.8 to 2.1 meters) tall at the shoulder. Their body length typically ranges from 7 to 10 feet (2.1 to 3 meters). In terms of weight, bull moose usually weigh between 800 and 1,600 pounds (360 to 725 kilograms), though larger specimens have been recorded. A bull’s antlers are a significant feature, often spanning up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) wide and weighing as much as 40 pounds. These palmate antlers contribute to their silhouette.
Understanding Bison Size
The American bison, North America’s largest terrestrial mammal, presents a profile of immense size and strength. Adult male bison, or bulls, can reach heights of 5.5 to 6.5 feet (1.7 to 2 meters) at the hump. Their body length typically ranges from 9 to 12.5 feet (2.7 to 3.8 meters). Bison are notably heavy, with males weighing between 1,800 and 2,400 pounds (816 to 1,088 kilograms). Their distinctive features include a large shoulder hump, a massive head, and a shaggy, dark brown coat that is particularly thick on their forequarters. Both sexes possess short, curved horns, typically 20 to 24 inches (50.8 to 61 cm) long, that curve outward and upward from their heads.
Key Distinguishing Features
Distinct physical characteristics differentiate moose and bison, with a primary difference in their headgear: moose possess antlers, while bison have horns. Moose antlers are broad, flattened, and can spread up to 6 feet, and they are shed and regrown annually. In contrast, bison horns are permanent, sharp, and curved, made of a bony core covered in keratin, growing throughout the animal’s life.
Their body shapes also vary significantly. Moose have long, stilt-like legs and a less pronounced, angular shoulder hump that tapers quickly. This build allows them to navigate deep snow and dense forests. Bison, conversely, have shorter, more robust legs and a prominent, rounded shoulder hump that creates a massive, powerful front end. The bison’s shaggy coat covers its entire body, whereas a moose’s coat is more uniform with a distinct dewlap, or bell, hanging from its throat.