Montgomery glands are a normal and common anatomical feature found on the breasts. These small, raised bumps appear on the areola, the darker skin surrounding the nipple. Their presence is a typical aspect of breast anatomy and not a cause for concern.
Understanding Montgomery Glands
Montgomery glands, also known as Montgomery tubercles or areolar glands, are small, raised bumps on the areola. Their number and size vary significantly among individuals, from a few to over 30 on each breast. They often resemble goosebumps, though their size can fluctuate.
These glands serve a dual function, acting as both sebaceous (oil-producing) glands and modified mammary glands. Their primary role is to produce an oily, protective substance called sebum. This sebum lubricates and moisturizes the nipple and areola, helping to prevent dryness and cracking. The secretion also possesses antibacterial properties, contributing to the protection of the breast from infection. Furthermore, research suggests that the scent of this secretion may play a role in guiding infants to the breast during breastfeeding.
Why They Become More Noticeable
The visibility of Montgomery glands often increases due to hormonal changes. This commonly occurs during puberty, specific phases of the menstrual cycle (especially before menstruation), and significantly during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Their increased size is a normal response to these internal hormonal shifts, preparing the breast for potential lactation. Beyond hormonal influences, other factors like temperature changes, physical stimulation, or even emotional states can temporarily make these glands more apparent. The degree of their prominence can also vary from person to person and throughout an individual’s life.
When to Consult a Doctor
While Montgomery glands are benign, certain signs warrant medical consultation. These include redness, warmth, swelling, or pain in or around the glands. Any discharge, particularly if pus-like or bloody, should also be promptly evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Changes in the skin texture surrounding the glands, such as dimpling or unusual flaking, or persistent itching, are also indicators for seeking medical advice. These symptoms could suggest an infection, inflammation, or other underlying conditions. Consulting a doctor is advisable if any of these concerning symptoms arise or if there is persistent worry about the appearance of the glands.
General Care and Reassurance
Healthy Montgomery glands do not require any special care beyond routine hygiene. It is important to avoid squeezing or picking at these bumps, as this can lead to irritation or introduce bacteria, potentially causing an infection. Gentle hygiene practices, such as washing the breast area with mild soap and warm water during regular bathing, are sufficient.
The presence of Montgomery glands, and even their increased prominence, represents a normal and healthy aspect of breast anatomy. They serve an important protective and functional role, particularly for individuals who breastfeed. For most people, these glands are a functional and natural component of their body.